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Oral Syndromes > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Why a drug stays trapped inside a cell?

A

Because it is charged (Protonation)

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2
Q

Therapeutic Index (TI)=

A

Toxic Dose (TD) / Effective Dose (ED)

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3
Q

Effect of a drug for the same dose

A

Efficacy

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4
Q

If it takes less dose for a drug to have the same effect, what is it called?

A

Potency

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5
Q

Phase 1 of Metabolism of drug

A

OH DDamm:

  • Oxydation
  • Hydroxylation
  • Deamination
  • Dechlorination
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6
Q

Phase 2 of Metabolism of a drug

A
  • Conjugation

- Glucoronic Acid

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7
Q

What is when you write a prescription in triplet

A

For when you are writing for a controlled substance schedule 1, 2, 3

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8
Q

What are the groups of medication of Hypertension

A
  • Diuretics
  • Ace Inhibitors
  • Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
  • Calcium Channel Blocker
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9
Q

What are the Ace Inhibitors

A
  • Ending with “Pril” and “Sartan” like Catopril and Olmesartan
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10
Q

What are the side effects of Ace Inhibitors

A

CATCHH

  • Coughing
  • Angioedema
  • Teratogens (not for pregnant women)
  • Creatinine Increase
  • Hyperkalemia increase
  • Hypotension
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11
Q

What are the Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Did you get on the VAN Cal

  • Diltrazem
  • Verapamil
  • Amlodopine
  • Nifedepine
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12
Q

What is Raynaud’s Disease and how to treat it

A
  • Tree Fingers

- Treated with Calcium Channel Blockers

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13
Q

What are the Diuretics

A

MALE goes to the POT and squats using Thighs

  • Mannitol
  • Acetazolamide
  • Loop Diuretic Furosemide
  • Ethacrynic Acid
  • Pottassium K+ sparing
  • Thiazide
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14
Q

Effect of Mannitol

A

Osmotic, proximal tube, makes water come in

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15
Q

Effect of Acetazolamide

A
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
  • Proximal Tube
  • Brings Na+ in and water follows
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16
Q

Furosemide actions

A
  • Action on Loop on Henle

- Keeps Na+ in and water comes in

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17
Q

Which Diuretic has the most side effects

A

Furosemide

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18
Q

Thiazide side effects

A

OH DANG

  • Otoxicity
  • Hypokalemia
  • Dehydration
  • Sulfa Allergy
  • Nephritis
  • Gout
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19
Q

Potassion sparing drugs

A

K+ STAys

  • Spironolactone
  • Triamterone
  • Amiloride
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20
Q

Lipid Lowering Drugs

A
  • Statins
  • Bile Resins (stars with COL, CHOL)
  • Fibrates
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21
Q

What do Statins do

A

Inhibits HMG COA Reductase

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22
Q

Side effects of Statins

A
  • Hepatotoxicity

- Rhabdomyolysis

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23
Q

Side effects of Bile Resins

A

Decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins ADEK

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24
Q

Actions of Fibrates

A

Impacts Triglicerides

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25
Q

Which lipid lowering drug affects HDL the most

A

Niacin

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26
Q

Opioids bind to which receptor

A

MU

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27
Q

First thing to do when over sedation

A

Stop the drug

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28
Q

How to stop Nausea Side effect when nitrous oxide

A

Drugs ending with SETRON (SET DOWN)

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29
Q

Which drug has muscle rigidity side effect

A

Drugs ending with Fentanyl (Fe, iron, iron pumping)

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30
Q

All opioids cause Bradycardia except

A

Meperidine

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31
Q

Most abundant form of Morphine and most Potent

A

M6 most abundant and M3 most potent

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32
Q

Codeine is metabolised to Morphine using which enzyme

A

CYP2D6

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33
Q

Why is Meperidine contraindicated with MOA Monoamine Oxydase Inhibitors

A

Because it increases Dopamine, Serotonin and Noradrenaline. Can cause Seizures

34
Q

What can increase effects of Meperidine

A

Amphetamine

35
Q

What drug to treat Heroin Dependance

A

Methadone

36
Q

What drug to treat Opioid Addiction

A

Naloxone

37
Q

What is the effect of opioids on Steroids

A

Decrease

38
Q

What medication to treat alcoholism

A

Naltrexone

39
Q

Where are the Amides and Esters metabolized

A

Amides in Liver, Esters in Plasma

40
Q

How to know names of Amides and Esters

A

Amides have 2 “i’ and Esters 1 “i”

41
Q

What type of fibers are blocked by anesthesia

A

Small Myelinated

42
Q

Order of action of anesthesia

A

PTTP

  • Pain
  • Temperature
  • Touch
  • Pressure
43
Q

What to give if you have allergy to Esters

A

Amides

44
Q

Examples of Inhaled Anesthetics

A

“FLU”

  • Enflurane
  • Isoflurance
  • Sevoflurane
  • Halothane
  • Nitrous Oxide
45
Q

What is the effect of inhaled anesthesia

A

Respiratory and Myocardial depression

46
Q

Side Effect of Halothane

A

Hepatotoxicity

47
Q

Which inhaled anesthetic is the only one that cannot cause malignant hyperthermia (high fever)

A

Nitrous Oxide

48
Q

What are the IV Anesthetics

A

IV and Barbara are PROfessionals and drive a mercedes BENZ and they don’t care about Opinions

  • Profolol
  • Opioids
  • Benzodiazepine
  • Barbituric
  • Ketamine
49
Q

Name the NSAIDS

A

Dr. KIIND

  • Ketorolac
  • Ibuprofen
  • Indomethacine
  • Naproxen
  • Diclofenac
50
Q

Which NSAIDS closes the Ductous Arteriosus

A

Indomethacine

51
Q

What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDS

A

block COX 1 and 2

52
Q

Which irriversibily blocks COX 1 and 2

A

Aspirin

53
Q

Which drug competes with penicilline for protein binding sites

A

Aspirin

54
Q

Major side effect of Aspirin

A

GI Bleeding

55
Q

Which drug is cardioprotective

A

Aspirin

56
Q

Why avoid Aspirin with children that have chicken pox

A

Reye’s Syndrome

57
Q

Major side effect of Acetaminophen

A

Liver Toxicity

58
Q

composition of Tylenol 3, Vicodin and Percocet

A

Tylenol 3: Aceta 300mg, codeine 30mg
Vicodin: Aceta 500mg, hydrocodone 5mg
Percocet: Aceta 325mg, oxycodone 5mg

59
Q

what to give when overdose on acetaminophen

A

N-Acetylcystein

60
Q

Treatment of Arthritis

A

Oxiacams (enolic acids)

61
Q

What drug interfers with warfarin

A

Celecoxib

62
Q

Which enzyme metabolises Celecoxib

A

CYP2C9

63
Q

Side effect of cholinergics

A

SLUDDS

  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Defecation
  • Diarrhea
  • Sweating
64
Q

Mu receptor M2 is for what

A

Heart rate

65
Q

Nicotinic receptor Nm is for what

A

Skeletol Muscle

66
Q

Direct Cholinergic Agonists effect

A

Produce more acetylcholine

67
Q

Direct Cholinergic agonists examples

A

“Chol” and “Car”

68
Q

action of Bethancol

A

Bowel and Bladder movement

69
Q

action of carbachol

A

copies acetylcholine

70
Q

action of pilocarpine

A

cry, sweat and drool on pillow

71
Q

action of methacholine

A

muscrarinic stimulation in airway

72
Q

Cevemilline is to treat what condition

A

Sjogren Syndrome

73
Q

Indirect cholinergic agonists action

A

inhibits acetylcholinesterase which increases acetylcholine

74
Q

examples of indirect cholinergic agonists

A

Stigmine, Ate or Thio

75
Q

What indirect cholinergic agonist to treat myasthenia gravis

A

pyridostigmine

76
Q

which indirecte cholinergic agonist crosses the blood brain barrier

A

phyostigmine

77
Q

which indirecte cholinergics agonist to treat glaucoma

A

ending with “ate”

isofluorophate and Ecothiopate

78
Q

which indirect cholinergic agonist are insecticides

A

“Thion”

Malathion and Parathion

79
Q

use of Edrophonium

A

Test for Myasthenia Gravis (Tensilon Test)

80
Q

what drugs to treat alzheimer

A

Tacrin and Danopezil

81
Q

which indirecte cholinergic agonists are irreversible

A

Ate and Thions

82
Q

Which anticholinergics to treat poisoning

A

Atropine and Pralidozime

Oral Syndromes (4 decks)

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