Pharmacology Flashcards
Why a drug stays trapped inside a cell?
Because it is charged (Protonation)
Therapeutic Index (TI)=
Toxic Dose (TD) / Effective Dose (ED)
Effect of a drug for the same dose
Efficacy
If it takes less dose for a drug to have the same effect, what is it called?
Potency
Phase 1 of Metabolism of drug
OH DDamm:
- Oxydation
- Hydroxylation
- Deamination
- Dechlorination
Phase 2 of Metabolism of a drug
- Conjugation
- Glucoronic Acid
What is when you write a prescription in triplet
For when you are writing for a controlled substance schedule 1, 2, 3
What are the groups of medication of Hypertension
- Diuretics
- Ace Inhibitors
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
- Calcium Channel Blocker
What are the Ace Inhibitors
- Ending with “Pril” and “Sartan” like Catopril and Olmesartan
What are the side effects of Ace Inhibitors
CATCHH
- Coughing
- Angioedema
- Teratogens (not for pregnant women)
- Creatinine Increase
- Hyperkalemia increase
- Hypotension
What are the Calcium Channel Blockers
Did you get on the VAN Cal
- Diltrazem
- Verapamil
- Amlodopine
- Nifedepine
What is Raynaud’s Disease and how to treat it
- Tree Fingers
- Treated with Calcium Channel Blockers
What are the Diuretics
MALE goes to the POT and squats using Thighs
- Mannitol
- Acetazolamide
- Loop Diuretic Furosemide
- Ethacrynic Acid
- Pottassium K+ sparing
- Thiazide
Effect of Mannitol
Osmotic, proximal tube, makes water come in
Effect of Acetazolamide
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
- Proximal Tube
- Brings Na+ in and water follows
Furosemide actions
- Action on Loop on Henle
- Keeps Na+ in and water comes in
Which Diuretic has the most side effects
Furosemide
Thiazide side effects
OH DANG
- Otoxicity
- Hypokalemia
- Dehydration
- Sulfa Allergy
- Nephritis
- Gout
Potassion sparing drugs
K+ STAys
- Spironolactone
- Triamterone
- Amiloride
Lipid Lowering Drugs
- Statins
- Bile Resins (stars with COL, CHOL)
- Fibrates
What do Statins do
Inhibits HMG COA Reductase
Side effects of Statins
- Hepatotoxicity
- Rhabdomyolysis
Side effects of Bile Resins
Decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins ADEK
Actions of Fibrates
Impacts Triglicerides
Which lipid lowering drug affects HDL the most
Niacin
Opioids bind to which receptor
MU
First thing to do when over sedation
Stop the drug
How to stop Nausea Side effect when nitrous oxide
Drugs ending with SETRON (SET DOWN)
Which drug has muscle rigidity side effect
Drugs ending with Fentanyl (Fe, iron, iron pumping)
All opioids cause Bradycardia except
Meperidine
Most abundant form of Morphine and most Potent
M6 most abundant and M3 most potent
Codeine is metabolised to Morphine using which enzyme
CYP2D6
Why is Meperidine contraindicated with MOA Monoamine Oxydase Inhibitors
Because it increases Dopamine, Serotonin and Noradrenaline. Can cause Seizures
What can increase effects of Meperidine
Amphetamine
What drug to treat Heroin Dependance
Methadone
What drug to treat Opioid Addiction
Naloxone
What is the effect of opioids on Steroids
Decrease
What medication to treat alcoholism
Naltrexone
Where are the Amides and Esters metabolized
Amides in Liver, Esters in Plasma
How to know names of Amides and Esters
Amides have 2 “i’ and Esters 1 “i”
What type of fibers are blocked by anesthesia
Small Myelinated
Order of action of anesthesia
PTTP
- Pain
- Temperature
- Touch
- Pressure
What to give if you have allergy to Esters
Amides
Examples of Inhaled Anesthetics
“FLU”
- Enflurane
- Isoflurance
- Sevoflurane
- Halothane
- Nitrous Oxide
What is the effect of inhaled anesthesia
Respiratory and Myocardial depression
Side Effect of Halothane
Hepatotoxicity
Which inhaled anesthetic is the only one that cannot cause malignant hyperthermia (high fever)
Nitrous Oxide
What are the IV Anesthetics
IV and Barbara are PROfessionals and drive a mercedes BENZ and they don’t care about Opinions
- Profolol
- Opioids
- Benzodiazepine
- Barbituric
- Ketamine
Name the NSAIDS
Dr. KIIND
- Ketorolac
- Ibuprofen
- Indomethacine
- Naproxen
- Diclofenac
Which NSAIDS closes the Ductous Arteriosus
Indomethacine
What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDS
block COX 1 and 2
Which irriversibily blocks COX 1 and 2
Aspirin
Which drug competes with penicilline for protein binding sites
Aspirin
Major side effect of Aspirin
GI Bleeding
Which drug is cardioprotective
Aspirin
Why avoid Aspirin with children that have chicken pox
Reye’s Syndrome
Major side effect of Acetaminophen
Liver Toxicity
composition of Tylenol 3, Vicodin and Percocet
Tylenol 3: Aceta 300mg, codeine 30mg
Vicodin: Aceta 500mg, hydrocodone 5mg
Percocet: Aceta 325mg, oxycodone 5mg
what to give when overdose on acetaminophen
N-Acetylcystein
Treatment of Arthritis
Oxiacams (enolic acids)
What drug interfers with warfarin
Celecoxib
Which enzyme metabolises Celecoxib
CYP2C9
Side effect of cholinergics
SLUDDS
- Salivation
- Lacrimation
- Urination
- Defecation
- Diarrhea
- Sweating
Mu receptor M2 is for what
Heart rate
Nicotinic receptor Nm is for what
Skeletol Muscle
Direct Cholinergic Agonists effect
Produce more acetylcholine
Direct Cholinergic agonists examples
“Chol” and “Car”
action of Bethancol
Bowel and Bladder movement
action of carbachol
copies acetylcholine
action of pilocarpine
cry, sweat and drool on pillow
action of methacholine
muscrarinic stimulation in airway
Cevemilline is to treat what condition
Sjogren Syndrome
Indirect cholinergic agonists action
inhibits acetylcholinesterase which increases acetylcholine
examples of indirect cholinergic agonists
Stigmine, Ate or Thio
What indirect cholinergic agonist to treat myasthenia gravis
pyridostigmine
which indirecte cholinergic agonist crosses the blood brain barrier
phyostigmine
which indirecte cholinergics agonist to treat glaucoma
ending with “ate”
isofluorophate and Ecothiopate
which indirect cholinergic agonist are insecticides
“Thion”
Malathion and Parathion
use of Edrophonium
Test for Myasthenia Gravis (Tensilon Test)
what drugs to treat alzheimer
Tacrin and Danopezil
which indirecte cholinergic agonists are irreversible
Ate and Thions
Which anticholinergics to treat poisoning
Atropine and Pralidozime
