pharmacology Flashcards
what are the actions of loop diuretics?
inhibit Na K Cl transporter in loop of henle
what are the ADRs or loop diuretics?
hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, diuresis, dehydration, alkalosis
give some examples of loop diuretics
furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide
give some examples of thiazide diuretics
bendroflumethiazide
indapamide
what are the actions of thiazide diuretics?
inhibits NaCl in the distal convoluted tubule
what are the ADRs of thiazide diuretics?
- hyponatraemia
- hypokalaemia
- dehydration
- hypercalcaemia
- hyperuricaemia
- hypomagnesaemia
- alkalosis
give some examples of K sparing diuretics
Aldosterone antagnosists - Spironolactone
Epithelial Na channel blockers - Amiloride
what are the actions of K sparing diuretics?
Block epithelial Na channel
Antagonises the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors
what are the ADRs of K sparing duretics?
Hyperkalaemia
Gynaecomastia
why should you be cautious when combining K sparing diuretics with ACEi/ARBs?
as there is an increased risk of hyperkalaemia
give some examples of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
acetazolamide
brinzolamide
what are the common ADRs of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
flushing
metabolic acidosis
agranulocytosis
liver failure
give some examples of corticosteroids (glucocorticoids)
Prednisolone (PO), Hydrocortisone (IV/IM), Dexamethasone (PO/IV), Triamcinolone (IM)
what are the indications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Glaucoma
Benign Intracranial hypertension
( decreases production of aqueous humour and increases renal excretion of Na, K, HCO3 and H2O)
what are the main indications of corticosteroids?
suppress inflammation, allergy and immune responses
