Pharmacology

Question 1

Local Anaesthetic

Answer 1

Promotes loss of feeling or sensation from specific area of the body
Xylocaine-Lidocaine

Question 2

General Anaesthetic

Answer 2

Induces reversible loss of consciousness during which there is lack of awareness oof pain
Pentothal and propofol

Question 3

Anti-anxiety

Answer 3

Oral or IV administration
Xanax-alprazolam, ativan-lorazepam
Antidote is romazicon-flumazenil

Question 4

Anti-coagulent

Answer 4

Used to prevent thrombus from forming or to keep IV. lines and arterial catheters open
Heparin-Heparin Sodium (IV)
Coumadin-Warfarin (DVT)

Question 5

Anti-depressant

Answer 5

Prozac-Flouxetine

Question 6

Anti-histamine

Answer 6

Treatment of allergic reaction by binding to the receptors where histamines would bond
Benadryl-Diphenhydramine

Question 7

Andrenergic

Answer 7

Constricts blood vessels and stimulates the heart
Adrenaline-epinephrine
Intropen-dopamine

Question 8

Antiperistaltic/Anticholingeric

Name two common antispasmodic drugs commonly used in DI

Answer 8

Buscopan: anticholingeric properties: blocks the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and used for the treatment of cramps and spasms, smooth muscle relaxant, contraindicated in pts with hx of BO, arrhythmia and urinary retention
Glucagon: relaxes smooth muscle, contraindicated in diabetics

Question 9

Bonchodilator

Answer 9

Asthma attacks, allergic reactions, and COPD
Beta-agonist Ventolin-Albuterol/salbutamol
Anticholingeric: Spiriva/tiotropium
Thephylline: Theo-Dur/theophylline

Question 10

Catharic

Answer 10

Stimulate peristalsis to promote defecation

Dulcolax

Question 11

Diuretic

Answer 11

Reduces blood volume for the treatment of hypertension, pulmonary edema, and congestive heart failure
Lasix/furosemide

Question 12

Fluid and Electrolytes

Answer 12

Fluid: 0.9% NaCl (normal saline) – isotonic (same concentration of solutes as blood) and 5% Dextrose in water – isotonic
Increases blood volume
Electrolytes: Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+

Question 13

Glucocorticoids

Answer 13

Relief of inflammatory symptoms caused by severe allergic reactions and trauma
Cortisol-hydrocortisone
Cortone-cortisone acetate

Question 14

Hypoglycemic

Answer 14

Lowers blood sugar levels
Insulin
Glucophage/metformin

Question 15

Narcotics

Answer 15

Most potent analgesics
Can cause respiratory depression
Sublimaze/fentanyl
Antidote: Narcan/naloxone

Question 16

Sedative

Answer 16

Depress and relax central nervous system, reduce mental activity
Barbiturates: nembutal/phenobarbital (depresses BP)
Chloral hydrate

Question 17

Tranquilizer

Answer 17

Reduce anxiety, premeds for imaging procedures
Valium-diazepam
Ativan-lorazepam
Can cause respiratory depression
Antidote: romazicon-flumazenil

Question 18

Vasodilator

Answer 18

Relaxes walls of blood vessels premitting greater blood flow, treats congestive heart failure, hypertension, and angina