pharmacology Flashcards
what is the indication for usage of B2 selective adrenergic agonists?
bronchospasm
b2 selective adrenergic agonists increase cAMP in SMC’s resulting in relaxation and thus, bronchodilation
what are the common side effects of B2 agonists?
tremor, headache, GI upset, palpitations, tachycardia, hypokalaemia
Name some short acting and long acting B2 agonists.
short acting - salbutamol, terbutaline (4-6hr effects)
long acting - salmeterol, formeterol (effects - 12hrs)
often given in combo with steroid inhaler
what class of drug is ipratropium and what is its action?
an antimuscarinic
decreases cGMP which affects intracellular calcium = less SMC contractility
what is the indication for ipratropium?
bronchospasm, typically in COPD
what are the indications for aminophylline and theophylline?
asthma and COPD
what class of drug is aminophylline and theophylline and what is their action?
they are Xanthines
main action = block phosphodiesterase resulting in decreased cAMP breakdown causing bronchodilation
NB: Have narrow therapeutic window
what class of drugs are beclomethasone, budesonide and fluticasone and what is their action?
inhaled steroids (Glucocorticoid)
increase airway calibre by decreasing bronchial inflammation and sometimes modifying allergic reactions
what are the indications for beclomethasone?
asthma and COPD
what class of drugs are Prednisolone (PO), Hydrocortisone (IV/IM), Dexamethasone (PO/IV) and Triamcinolone (IM) and what is their main action?
corticosteroids (glucocorticoids)
suppress inflammation, allergy and immune response
also
- Anti-inflammatory,
- immunosuppressive
- increased gluconeogenesis,
- decreased glucose utilisation
- increased protein catabolism
what are the ADRs of corticosteroids?
Adrenal suppression (especially courses > 3 weeks)
hyperglycaemia
psychosis
insomnia
indigestion (may need PPI)
mood swings
may also need bisphosphonates for bone protection
