Pharmacology Flashcards
Are protease inhibitors inducers or inhibitors of the P450 3A4 system?
Competitive inhibitors (ritonavir most potent, cobicistat similar)
Are NNRTIs inducers or inhibitors of the P450 3A4 system?
Mixed
Nevirapine is an inducer
Efavirenz can do both, with unpredictable drug interactions
What are the common side effects of isoniazid? Name 3
Hepatitis
Rash
Neuropathy
What are the common side effects of rifampicin? Name 2. And is it a P450 inducer or inhibitor?
Very powerful inducer
Hepatitis
Hypersensitivity
What are the common side effects of pyrazinamide? Name 4
Hepatitis
Skin effects
Polyarthralgia
Gout
What is a common side effect of ethambutol? Name 1
Optic neuropathy
Which TB drugs can cause hepatitis? Please name 3, in order of most likely to least likely.
Pyrazinamide > isoniazide > rifampicin
What is the HLA allele associated with carbamazepine induced SJS, and what populations are typically affected?
HLA-B*1502 - South Asians and South East Asians
HLA-A*3101 - Europeans
What are risks of monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as rasagiline and selagiline? Name 2
Hepatic dysfunction
Tyramine hypertensive crisis
Which beta blockers are cardioselective? Name 5.
Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
Nebivolol
Esmolol
Atenolol
What are the side effects of topiramate? Name 3
Weight loss
Parasthesia
Rare: acute myopia and secondary angle-closire glaucoma
What drugs can cause SIADH? Name 6 drugs/groups
SSRIs
Tricyclics
Sulphonylureas
Carbemazepine
Vincristine
Cyclophosphamide
What side effects can occur from propylthiouracil? Name 2.
Rare fatal hepatotoxicity
ANCA +ve skin, renal and lung vasculitis
Name 7 side effects of ciclosporin.
Nephrotoxicity
HTN
Hyperlipidaemia
Gum hyperplasia
Skin changes - hirsutism
Neurotoxicity
Diabetes
Name 5 side effects of tacrolimus.
Nephrotoxicity
HTN
Hyperlipidaemia
Neurotoxicity
Diabetes (toxic to islet cells)