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GCUH FRACP Writtens 2020 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Are protease inhibitors inducers or inhibitors of the P450 3A4 system?

A

Competitive inhibitors (ritonavir most potent, cobicistat similar)

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2
Q

Are NNRTIs inducers or inhibitors of the P450 3A4 system?

A

Mixed
Nevirapine is an inducer
Efavirenz can do both, with unpredictable drug interactions

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3
Q

What are the common side effects of isoniazid? Name 3

A

Hepatitis
Rash
Neuropathy

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4
Q

What are the common side effects of rifampicin? Name 2. And is it a P450 inducer or inhibitor?

A

Very powerful inducer
Hepatitis
Hypersensitivity

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5
Q

What are the common side effects of pyrazinamide? Name 4

A

Hepatitis
Skin effects
Polyarthralgia
Gout

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6
Q

What is a common side effect of ethambutol? Name 1

A

Optic neuropathy

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7
Q

Which TB drugs can cause hepatitis? Please name 3, in order of most likely to least likely.

A

Pyrazinamide > isoniazide > rifampicin

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8
Q

What is the HLA allele associated with carbamazepine induced SJS, and what populations are typically affected?

A

HLA-B*1502 - South Asians and South East Asians

HLA-A*3101 - Europeans

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9
Q

What are risks of monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as rasagiline and selagiline? Name 2

A

Hepatic dysfunction

Tyramine hypertensive crisis

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10
Q

Which beta blockers are cardioselective? Name 5.

A

Metoprolol

Bisoprolol

Nebivolol

Esmolol

Atenolol

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11
Q

What are the side effects of topiramate? Name 3

A

Weight loss

Parasthesia

Rare: acute myopia and secondary angle-closire glaucoma

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12
Q

What drugs can cause SIADH? Name 6 drugs/groups

A

SSRIs

Tricyclics

Sulphonylureas

Carbemazepine

Vincristine

Cyclophosphamide

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13
Q

What side effects can occur from propylthiouracil? Name 2.

A

Rare fatal hepatotoxicity

ANCA +ve skin, renal and lung vasculitis

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14
Q

Name 7 side effects of ciclosporin.

A

Nephrotoxicity

HTN

Hyperlipidaemia

Gum hyperplasia

Skin changes - hirsutism

Neurotoxicity

Diabetes

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15
Q

Name 5 side effects of tacrolimus.

A

Nephrotoxicity

HTN

Hyperlipidaemia

Neurotoxicity

Diabetes (toxic to islet cells)

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16
Q

What is the MOA of MMF?

A

Inhibitions of IMPDH to block de novo purine synthesis

17
Q

What is the MOA of azathioprine?

A

Blocks purine synthesis (DNA and RNA inhibition) in bone marrow myeloma tea and in leukocytes

18
Q

Which co-transporter does furosemide block?

A

Na-Cl co-transporter (NKCC2)

19
Q

Name 3 mechanisms of action for thiopurines.

A

Inhibit purine synthesis

Inhibit T and B cell proliferation

Induce T cell apoptosis

GCUH FRACP Writtens 2020 (14 decks)

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