Pharmacology Flashcards
what is pharmacokinetics
effect of body on drug
eg. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
what is pharmacodynamics
dug action on the body
what type of environment do acidic drugs need to be absorbed
acidic
what type of environment do basic drugs need to be absorbed
alkaline (basic)
what is the impact of an increase in gastric pH
decrease of small bowel surface area
what protein binds to acidic drugs for distribution
albumin (it is basic)
what protein binds to basic drugs for distribution
alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (A-1 AG) (acidic)
true or false, the elderly often have low albumin but higher A1-AG
true
why is first pass metabolism reduced in the elderly
because of reduced liver function due to decreased liver size, blood flow and disease
why is renal metabolism reduced in the elderly
lower GFR due to decreased size, tubular secretion, and renal blood flow
what is general advice for drug doses in the elderly
lower doses achieve the same effect
what happens to the therapeutic window of drugs as patients get older
it decreases
which drugs are most commonly associated with side effects in the elderly
warfarin digoxin insulin benzodiazepines diuretics NSAIDS corticosteroeids anti hypertensives opioids theophylline
common side effect of opioids are in the elderly
constipation, needs prophylactic laxatives
common side effects of steroids in the elderly
osteoporosis if long term
steroid induced diabetes
