Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the major side effects of ACEIs?
Symptomatic hypotension Intractable cough hyperkalemia Angioedema Temporary increase in serum Creatinine
What is misoprostol often prescribed for?
What are the contraindications?
What are side effects?
What instructions are important for administration?
Prescribed to prevent gastric ulcers in pts on long term NSAID therapy
Antacids containing magnesium are contraindicated as they worsen side effects ==> diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal pain
Take drug with food and suspend use if pregnant
What are the side effects of phenytoin?
Gingival hyperplasia increase in body hair rash folic acid depletion osteoporosis
What is often supplemented with phenytoin use?
Folic acid (Also helps against gingival hyperplasia)
The patient taking allopurinol should immediately discontinue its use in the event of what?
What other drug classes should receive the same instructions?
In the case a rash develops, as these can become severe hypersensitivity reactions, such as Steven-Johnson syndrome
Similar instructions to discontinue the meds should be given if rash develops when taking anticonvulsants and sulfa Abx.
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. amitrptilline) can cause what in the case of an OD?
Cardiac toxicity (e.g. AV block, cardiac arrest) and neurological disturbances (seizures)
Why are TCAs particularly lethal for toddlers?
rapid onset of action and narrow therapeutic index
What are major side effects to the use of aminoglycoside ABx?
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
= tinnitus and vertigo are often early signs of ototoxicity
the nurse should monito for changes in hearing, balance and urinary output
Rifampin and rifapentine both reduce the efficacy of which drugs. What would occur in this case?
Oral contraceptives
pt would need to switch to non-hormonal contraceptives
What instructions are given to patients taking rifampin or rifapentine?
take with meals for best absorption and to prevent gastric upset
What are side effects of rifampin use?
Hepatotoxicity (perform monthly liver tests), jaundice, fatigue, weakness, nausea, anorexia
red-orange coloured body secretions are EXPECTED
Describe the steps for TB skin test administration.
- Choose a 1mL TB syringe with a 27G ¼ inch needle
- Don clean gloves
- Position the left forearm to face upward, and cleanse site that is a hands width above the wrist
- Place non-dominant hand 1 inch below the insertion site and pull skin downward
- Insert the needle at 10 degree angle, near parallel to skin
- Advance the tip of the needle through epidermis into dermis; outline of bevel should be visible under the skin
- Injection med slowly while raising a small wheal (bleb) on the skin
- Remove needle and do not rub the area
- Circle the area with a pen to assess for redness and induration (according to institution policy)
Long-term PPI use impairs intestinal _______ absorption and is thus associated with this complication.
It also reduces stomach acid leading to these potential complications.
calcium
- decreased bone density increasing fracture risk
increase risk for C. diff and pneumonia infection
Naloxone:
- effect wane at __-___ minutes after administration and duration of action is approximately ___ minutes
20-40
90
• Suppress the inflammatory response of autoimmune diseases
TNF inhibitors (e.g. infliximab, adalimumab)
