PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

Question

Iron overdose

Answer 1

Desferrioxamine

Answer 2

``` GI&STRESS GI: bleeds, nausea, dyspepsia, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea and constipation Sweating Tremor Rashes Extrapyramidal Sexual dysfunction Somnolence Hyponatraemia ```

Answer 3

``` HTN/HoTN Sweating Cardiotoxic in overdose- long QTc Nausea Dry mouth Headache and dizziness Sexual dysfunction ```

Answer 4

``` Increase appetite-weight gain Drowsiness Dry mouth Postural hypotension Tachycardia and palpitations Oedema ```

Answer 5

Overall pretty much all cause sexual dysfunction. Many have cholinergic type sympathetic (fight or flight) stimulation resulting in sweating, dry mouth, constipation urinary retention, cardiac response. SSRIs cause GI upsets. SNRIs can be cardiotoxic. All except SSRIs and SNRIs can cause significant appetite stimulation and subsequent weight gain. There are two MAO enzymes A: adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin, tyramine and dopamine B: dopamine

Answer 6

They essentially activate the FIGHT or FLIGHT response due to their activity on the cholinergic receptors. Can also cause CONVULSIONS and MOVEMENT DISORDERS. CLOSED-ANGLE GLAUCOMA due to ANTICHOLINERGICS properties. Pupul dilates and compresses the Schlemm canals so aqueous humour cannot flow through causing a rapid build-up of pressure.

Answer 7

! SEROTONIN SYNDROME: Rare but life-threatening complication of increased serotonin activity occurring minutes after taking medication, often two serotonin affecting drugs simultaneously (SSRIs most commonly but also TCA and lithium) STOP DRUG IMMEDIATELY 1. COGNITIVE EFFECTS-> headache, agitation, hypomania, confusion, hallucinations and coma 2. AUTONOMIC EFFECTS-> shivering, sweating, hyperthermia, hypertension and tachycardia 3. SOMATIC EFFECTS-> myoclonus (muscle twitching), hyperreflexia and tremor eventually leads to death

Answer 8

e.g. DOXAZOSIN Postural HoTN Drowsiness Dyspnoea Cough

Answer 9

- bradycardia - hypotension - heart failure - syncope if bradycardic then ATROPINE in resistant cases GLUCAGON may be used

Answer 10

- Heart failure - constipation - hypotension - bradycardia, flushing

Answer 11

- Ankle swelling - Headache - Flushing

Answer 12

- Ankle swelling - Heart failure - HoTN - Bradycardia

Answer 13

generally unwell, lethargy, nausea & vomiting, anorexia, confusion, yellow-green vision arrhythmias (e.g. AV block, bradycardia) gynaecomastia PRECIPITATED BY HYPOKALAEMIA and RENAL FAILURE

Answer 14

Parkinson's disease prolactinoma/galactorrhoea acromegaly

Answer 15

nausea/vomiting postural hypotension hallucinations daytime somnolence

Answer 16

``` TCAs anticholinergics opioids NSAIDs disopyramide ```

Answer 17

amiodarone

Answer 18

Metronidazole Amiodarone Ethambutol

Answer 19

chloroquine | quinine

Answer 20

blue vision | anterior ischaemic neuropathy

Answer 21

ototoxicity | nephrotoxicity

Answer 22

Bleeding STANDARD: Osteoporosis Heparin-induce thrombocytopaenia

Answer 23

``` coarse tremor (a fine tremor is seen in therapeutic levels) hyperreflexia acute confusion seizure coma ```

Answer 24

GI. erythromycin: nausea cholestatic jaundice P450 inhibitor (see below)

Answer 25

in mono results in RASH

Answer 26

Cholestasis

Answer 27

GI | Long QT

Answer 28

Low seizure threshold | Tendonitis

Answer 29

Reacts with alcohol

Answer 30

Photosensitivity

Answer 31

Photosensitivity Rashes and Pruritis Surpresses haematopoiesis

Answer 32

- Parkinsonism - acute dystonia (e.g. torticollis, oculogyric crisis) - akathisia (severe restlessness) - tardive dyskinesia (late onset of choreoathetoid movements, abnormal, most common is chewing and pouting of jaw) - antimuscarinic: dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation sedation, weight gain - raised prolactin: galactorrhoea, impaired glucose tolerance - neuroleptic malignant syndrome - reduced seizure threshold (greater with atypicals) - prolonged QT interval (particularly haloperidol)

Answer 33

pyrexia, muscle stiffness