Pharmacology

Question 1

what are the 5 types of drugs used in anaesthetics?

Answer 1

inhalational anaesthetics
intravenous anaesthetics 
muscles relaxants 
local anaesthetics 
analgesics

Question 2

what is a requirement for muscle relaxation anaesthesia ?

Answer 2

artificial ventilation

Question 3

how do general anaesthetics work?

Answer 3

interfere with neuronal ion channels at the synapse and cause them to hyper polarise so they are less likely to fire

Question 4

what receptors do intravenous agents bind to ?

Answer 4

GABA receptors and open chloride channels

Question 5

with general anaesthetic, what function is lost first?

Answer 5

cerebral function

- most complex processes interrupted first

Question 6

with general anaesthetic, what function is lost last?

Answer 6

hearing
primitive function
- reflexes

Question 7

what is 1 arm-brain circulation time?

Answer 7

the time from the drug to travel from the hand through the pulmonary system up to the brain

Question 8

does intravenous anaesthetics cause a slow or fast recovery ?

Answer 8

fast recovery

Question 9

state two IV agents?

Answer 9

thiopentone

propofol

Question 10

what inhalations anaesthetics agents are used?

Answer 10

halogenated hydrocarbons

Question 11

how do you determine the arterial concentration of inhalational anaesthetics ?

Answer 11

alveolar partial pressure

Question 12

what does MAC stand for?

Answer 12

minimum alveolar concentration

Question 13

is the induction of inhalational anaesthetics slow or fast?

Answer 13

slow

Question 14

is intravenous or inhalational anaesthetics used for induction?

Answer 14

intravenous

Question 15

is intravenous or inhalational anaesthetics used for maintenance?

Answer 15

inhalation

Question 16

what happens to the cardiovascular centres during anaesthetics?

Answer 16

depress CVS centre

• reduce sympathetic outflow
• reduced vasconstrictor tone (vasodilation)
• decreased CO

Question 17

what happens to the respiratory centres during anaesthetics?

Answer 17

reduce hypoxic and hypercarbic drive
decrease tidal volume and increase rate
paralyse cilia

Question 18

name some local anaesthetics ?

Answer 18

lignocaine
bupivacaine
prilocaine

Question 19

what channels do local anaesthetics block?

Answer 19

Na channel blockers

Question 20

what does toxicity depend on ?

Answer 20

dose used
rate of absorption
patient weight
drug used