Pharmacology Flashcards
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Captopril, Enalapril, lisinopril, Ramipril
ACE inhibitor MOA
Inhibit ACE decreasing AT II leading to dilation of efferent arteriole which decreases GFR
ACE inhibitor contraindications
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
Bilateral renal artery stenosis - leads to renal failure
ACE inhibitor side effects
Cough, Angioedema, Teratogen, increased Creatinine, Hyperkalemia and Hypotension
Benefit of ACE inhibitor in chronic kidney disease
Decreases intraglomerular pressure slowing GBM thickening
ATII receptor blockers
Losartan, candesartan, valsartan
ATII receptor blockers MOA
Selectively block AT1 receptors
Cause of cough with ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors prevent breakdown of bradykinins
Benefit of ATII receptor blockers over ACE inhibitors
Do not increase bradykinin levels
Indications for ACE inhibitors
HTN, HF, proteinuria, diabetic nephropathy
Benefits of ACE inhibitors in heart disease
Decrease mortality in HF and prevent unfavorable heart remodeling as a result of chronic HTN
Indications for ATII receptor blockers
HTN, HF, proteinuria, CKD with ACE inhibitor intolerance
ATII receptor blockers side effects
Hyperkalemia, decreased GFR, HoTN, teratogen
Aliskiren MOA
Blocks conversion AT-I to AT-II by blocking renin
Aliskiren indications
HTN
Aliskiren side effects
Hyperkalemia, decreased GFR, HoTN, angioedema
Aliskiren contraindications
In those already taking ACE inhibitors or ARBs
Thiazide diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, metolazone
Thiazide diuretics MOA
Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in DCT decreasing diluting capacity of nephron
Thiazide diuretics indications
HTN, HF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, osteoporosis
Thiazide diuretics side effects
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia