Embryology Flashcards
Functions as interim kidney during first trimester
Mesonephros
Gives rise to ureter, pelvises, calyces, and collecting duct
Uretic bud
First appears in 5th week of gestation and develops into permanent kidney
Metanephros
Develops in fourth week of gestation and then degenerates
Pronephros
Gives rise to vas deferens in male genitalia
Mesonephros
Interaction with uretic bud leads to formation of glomerulus through distal convoluted tubule
Metanephric mesenchyme
Last structure to canalize and most common site of obstruction detected as hydronephrosis on prenatal US
Ureteropelvic junction
Common causes o Potter syndrome
ARPKD, obstructive uropathy, bilateral renal agenesis, chronic placental insufficiency
Symptoms of Potter syndrome
POTTER:
Pulmonary hypoplasia, Oligohydramnios, Twisted face, Twisted skin, Extremity defects, Renal failure
Artery that prevents horseshoe kidney from ascending
Inferior mesenteric artery
Horseshoe kidney mechanism
Abnormal fusion of inferior poles of both kidneys
Chromosomal aneuploidy syndrome in women presenting with webbed neck and associated with horseshoe kidney
Turner syndrome
Trisomies associated with horseshoe kidney
Trisomies 13, 18, 21
Condition being born with only one functioning kidney
Congenital solitary functioning kidney
Symptoms of congenital solitary functioning kidney
Majority asymptomatic with hypertrophy of other kidney
Consequence of uretic bud failing to develop and induce differentiation of metanephric mesenchyme
Unilateral renal agenesis
Consequence of uretic bud failing to induce differentiation of metanephric mesenchyme and typically unilateral
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Congenital disorder in which uretic bud splits before entering the metanephric blastemal creating a Y-shaped bifid ureter
Duplex collecting system
Consequence of duplex collecting system
Vesicoureteral reflux, ureteral obstruction and increased UTIs
Most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male infants that can lead to urethral obstruction
Posterior urethral valve
Posterior urethral valve diagnosis
Diagnosed prenatally by hydronephrosis and dilated or thick-walled bladder on US
Embryological structure that connects dome of bladder to umbilicus
Urachus
Consequence of urachal remnants
Adenocarcinoma of the bladder (dome of bladder)
Fate of urachus
Obliterated at birth forming medial umbilical remnant
Consequence of patent urachus
Urine can leak from umbilicus, can form cyst, sinus or diverticulum and infections
