Pharmacology

Question 1

Mechanism of histamines

Answer 1

Reversibly inhibit H1 histamine receptors

Question 2

First generation antihistamines

Answer 2

Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, and chlorpheniramine

Question 3

First generation antihistamine indications

Answer 3

Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

Question 4

First generation antihistamine side effects

Answer 4

Sedation, antimuscarinic effects, anti-alpha adrenergic

Question 5

Second generation antihistamines

Answer 5

Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine

Question 6

Second generation antihistamines indications

Answer 6

Allergy

Question 7

Expectorant - thins respiratory secretions; does not suppress cough reflex

Answer 7

Guaifenesin

Question 8

Mucolytic - liquifies mucus in chronic bronchopulmonary diseases by disrupting sulfide bonds

Answer 8

N-acetylcysteine

Question 9

Mucolytic that is also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose

Answer 9

N-acetylcysteine

Question 10

Dextromethorphan indications

Answer 10

Antitussive

Question 11

Dextromethorphan MOA

Answer 11

Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptor

Question 12

Dextromethorphan side effects

Answer 12

Mild codeine analog with mild opioid effect when used in excess, mild abuse potential

Question 13

Dextromethorphan contraindications

Answer 13

Serotonin syndrome when used with other serotonergic drugs

Question 14

Dextromethorphan overdose treatment

Answer 14

Naloxone

Question 15

Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine MOA

Answer 15

Alpha-adrenergic agonist

Question 16

Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine indications

Answer 16

Nasal decongestant

Question 17

Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine adverse effects

Answer 17

HTN, rebound congestion if used > 4-6 days, CNS stimulation/anxiety

Question 18

Nasal decongestant that can be used to make methamphetamine

Answer 18

Pseudoephedrine

Question 19

Pulmonary hypertensive drug that competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors leading to decreased PVR

Answer 19

Bosentan

Question 20

Bosentan side-effects

Answer 20

Hepatotoxic

Question 21

Labs to monitor when taking Bosentan

Answer 21

LFTs

Question 22

Pulmonary hypertensive drug that inhibits PDE-5 increasing cGMP and NO prolonging vasodilation

Answer 22

Sildenafil

Question 23

Pulmonary hypertensive drug that is used to treat ED

Answer 23

Sildenafil

Question 24

PGI2 with direct vasodilatory effects on pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds

Answer 24

Epoprostenol and iloprost

Question 25

Pulmonary hypertensive drug that inhibits platelet aggregation and has side-effects of flushing and jaw pain

Answer 25

Epoprostenol and iloprost

Question 26

Bronchoconstriction MOA

Answer 26

Inflammatory process and increased parasympathetic tone

Question 27

Short-acting B2-agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle used during acute asthma exacerbations

Answer 27

Albuterol

Question 28

Long-acting B2-agonist used for prophylaxis

Answer 28

Salmeterol and formeterol

Question 29

Salmeterol and formeterol side effects

Answer 29

Tremor and arrhythmias

Question 30

Transcription factor that produces TNF-a and other inflammatory agents

Answer 30

NF-kB

Question 31

Inhaled corticosteroid that inhibits all cytokines by blocking NF-kB

Answer 31

Fluticasone, budesonide

Question 32

1st-line for chronic asthma

Answer 32

Fluticasone, budesonide

Question 33

Fluticasone and budesonide side-effects

Answer 33

Oral thrush

Question 34

Asthma drug that competitively blocks muscarinic receptors preventing bronchoconstriction

Answer 34

Tiotropium and ipratropium

Question 35

Indications for tiotropium and ipratropium

Answer 35

Asthma and COPD

Question 36

Long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist used in asthma

Answer 36

Tiotropium

Question 37

Leukotriene receptor antagonist used for aspirin-induced and exercise-induced asthma

Answer 37

Montelukast and Zafirlukast

Question 38

5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor that blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

Answer 38

Zileuton

Question 39

Zileuton side effects

Answer 39

Hepatotoxic

Question 40

Asthma drug that mostly binds unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to Fc-epsilon-RI

Answer 40

Omalizumab

Question 41

Asthma drug used in allergic asthma with increased IgE levels resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting B2 agonists

Answer 41

Omalizumab

Question 42

Monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of asthma

Answer 42

Omalizumab

Question 43

Asthma drug that causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and increasing cAMP by decreasing cAMP hydrolysis

Answer 43

Theophylline

Question 44

Theophylline side effects

Answer 44

Narrow therapeutic index causes cardio and neurotoxicity

Question 45

Theophylline metabolism

Answer 45

Metabolized by cytochrome P450

Question 46

Drug blocked by theophylline

Answer 46

Adenosine

Question 47

Non-selective muscarinic M3 agonist used in bronchial challenge test to help diagnose asthma

Answer 47

Methacholine