Pharmacology 5-8 terms

Question 1

process where a substance changes from one chemical to another through a chemical reaction

Answer 1

biotransformation

Question 2

substance produced by an organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction

Answer 2

enzyme

Question 3

a molecule upon which an enzyme acts

Answer 3

substrate

Question 4

medication or compound that after after it is administered is then metabolized into a pharmacologically active drug

Answer 4

prodrug

Question 5

the form of a drug before it is metabolized into drug metabolites

Answer 5

parent drug

Question 6

intermediate end product of metabolism; what a parent drug is broken down into

Answer 6

metabolite

Question 7

the active form of a drug after it has been processed by the body

Answer 7

active metabolite

Question 8

a metabolite of a drug produces no therapeutic effect

Answer 8

inactive metabolite

Question 9

kind of metabolite that is driectly involved in the normal growth, development, and reproduction

Answer 9

major or primary metabolite

Question 10

one of two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other that are non-supimposable non-identical.

Answer 10

enantiomer (Greek for opposite)

Question 11

drug molecules tha tundergo attachment of polar groups for more rapid excretion

Answer 11

conjugation (think bilirubin)

Question 12

molecules that are metabolized through the liver, excreated via the bile into the intestines, and then reabsorbed into the blood when then takes it back to the liver

Answer 12

enterohepatice recycling

Question 13

interaction between a drug and another substance that prevents the drug from performing as expected

Answer 13

drug interaction

Question 14

determining the PK and PD properties of the drug; test animals for toxicity, teratogenesis, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis

Answer 14

pre-clinical testing

Question 15

clinical trial phase where data is gathered on drug safety and PK in healthy volunteers

Answer 15

Phase 1

Question 16

clinical trial phase where data is gathered on efficacy, safety, and proper dosage in a small group of patients

Answer 16

Phase 2

Question 17

clinical trial phase where statistical evidence is obtained regarding drug safety and efficacy

Answer 17

Phase 3

Question 18

a pharmeceutical that remains commercially undeveloped owing to limited potential for profitability

Answer 18

orphan drug

Question 19

the transfer of any legally prescribed controlled substance from the individual for whom it was prescribed to another person any illicit use

Answer 19

diversion

Question 20

includes the patient’s name, prescribing physician, the name of the medicine, dosage, and sig

Answer 20

prescription drug label

Question 21

the “PI”

Answer 21

package insert or prescribing information

Question 22

a predetermined checklist covering active ingredients, doses, formulations, and product labeling that the agency considers generally safe and effective for self use.

Answer 22

monograph

Question 23

refers to the use of the drug for treating a particular disease

Answer 23

drug indications

Question 24

involves prescribing the medication for indications, dosages, and dosage form approved by the FDA

Answer 24

on label use

Question 25

involves prescribing medications for indications, or using a dosage or dosage for that have NOT been approved by the FDA

Answer 25

off label use

Question 26

the abitual taking of addictive or illegal drugs

Answer 26

abuse