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Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Which medication prevents neural tube defects?

A

Folic Acid

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2
Q

Which medication prevents neural tube defects?

A

Folic Acid

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3
Q

What do you want to r/o before starting someone on folic acid?

A

B12 deficiency

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4
Q

Which medication helps with N/V during pregnancy?

A

Doxyalamine and pyridoxine

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5
Q

Why type of medication is Doxyalamine?

A

antihistamine

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6
Q

What is pyridoxine?

A

Vitamin B6

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7
Q

What do you give someone with Trichomoniasis?

A

Metronidazole

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8
Q

What do you give someone with gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone

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9
Q

What do you give someone with bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

What do you give someone with chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

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11
Q

What do you give someone with syphilis?

A

Benzathine Penicillin G

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12
Q

What do you give someone with HSV?

A

valcyclovir/acyclovir

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13
Q

What do you give someone with candidiasis?

A

Clotrimazole cream

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14
Q

What do you have to warn people about topical -azole medications?

A

weaken latex, diaphragm

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15
Q

What do you give an HIV neg person for HIV prophylaxis?

A

Truvada (Tenofovir/Emtricitabine)

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16
Q

What do you need to do before starting someone on truvada?

A

confirm HIV neg

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17
Q

How often do you want to test for HIV?

A

every 3 months

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18
Q

What type of PG HTN can you use methyldopa for?

A

chronic/pre-existing HTN

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19
Q

What is the other PG HTN medication that can be used in all types of HTN?

A

labetolol

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20
Q

What drug class is methyldopa?

A

CNS alpha-adgrenergic inhibitor

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21
Q

What drug class is labetalol?

A

nonselective alpha1, Beta1 and 2 blocker

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22
Q

What are common SE of methyldopa?

A

depression/anxiety, hemolytic anemia

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23
Q

What are contraindications for labetalol?

A

bradycardia and bronchial asthma

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24
Q

What medication can be given for premature labor/eclampsia?

A

magnesium sulfate

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25
What is the MOA of magnesium sulfate?
decr ach in motor nerve terminals; slows rate SA node impulse formation; relaxation bronchial smooth muscle
26
What are contraindications for magnesium sulfate?
heart block, myocardial damage
27
what is the DOC for pain treatment in pregnancy?
acetaminophen
28
What drugs do you want to avoid to treat pain?
NSAIDs
29
What do you want to watch out for with antipyschotics in pregnancy?
potential risk for extrapyramadil signs and withdrawl sxs in neonate
30
What anti-depressant do you want to use in PG?
fluoxetine (more SSRIs are Cat C)
31
What SSRI is cat D?
paxil
32
Benefits of contraception
1. reduced risk endometrial CA 2. reduced risk ovarian CA 3. regulation of menstration, reduced dysmenorrhea 4. fever breast fibroadenomas, cysts 5. reduced risk PID 6. improved acne control
33
What is the biphasic COC?
Lo Loestrin Fe
34
What is the quadraphasic COC?
Natazia
35
What is the monophasic COC?
Loestrin Fe 1/20
36
What is the triphasic COC?
Triphasil
37
What is the progestin only OCP?
Ovrette
38
When is ovrette useful to take?
when patient can't take COC (tobacco, obesity, >35yo, HTN, lupus, migrain w/aura, etc.)
39
What are the 2 continuous/extended cycle COC?
1. Lybrel | 2. Quartette
40
How long can you use continuous COC?
4 years
41
What are absolute contraindications to using COC?
``` hx thromboembolic d/o hx CAD hx breast CA hx estrogen-dependent neoplasm hx abnormal uterine bleeding PG >15cigs/day and >35yo hx hepatic tumor active liver disease migraine w/aura ```
42
What are relative contraindications to using COC?
43
What are SE of COC?
bleeding headache GI
44
When should a headache cause you to stop COC and do a workup?
- start or more severe after starting COC - associated with blurred vision or neuro deficit - increased migraine frequency
45
What do you want to r/o before starting someone on folic acid?
B12 deficiency
46
Which medication helps with N/V during pregnancy?
Doxyalamine and pyridoxine
47
Why type of medication is Doxyalamine?
antihistamine
48
What is pyridoxine?
Vitamin B6
49
What do you give someone with Trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole
50
What do you give someone with gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone
51
What do you give someone with bacterial vaginosis?
Metronidazole
52
What do you give someone with chlamydia?
Azithromycin
53
What do you give someone with syphilis?
Benzathine Penicillin G
54
What do you give someone with HSV?
valcyclovir/acyclovir
55
What do you give someone with candidiasis?
Clotrimazole cream
56
What do you have to warn people about topical -azole medications?
weaken latex, diaphragm
57
What do you give an HIV neg person for HIV prophylaxis?
Truvada (Tenofovir/Emtricitabine)
58
What do you need to do before starting someone on truvada?
confirm HIV neg
59
How often do you want to test for HIV?
every 3 months
60
What type of PG HTN can you use methyldopa for?
chronic/pre-existing HTN
61
What is the other PG HTN medication that can be used in all types of HTN?
labetolol
62
What drug class is methyldopa?
CNS alpha-adgrenergic inhibitor
63
What drug class is labetalol?
nonselective alpha1, Beta1 and 2 blocker
64
What are common SE of methyldopa?
depression/anxiety, hemolytic anemia
65
What are contraindications for labetalol?
bradycardia and bronchial asthma
66
What medication can be given for premature labor/eclampsia?
magnesium sulfate
67
What is the MOA of magnesium sulfate?
decr ach in motor nerve terminals; slows rate SA node impulse formation; relaxation bronchial smooth muscle
68
What are contraindications for magnesium sulfate?
heart block, myocardial damage
69
what is the DOC for pain treatment in pregnancy?
acetaminophen
70
What drugs do you want to avoid to treat pain?
NSAIDs
71
What do you want to watch out for with antipyschotics in pregnancy?
potential risk for extrapyramadil signs and withdrawl sxs in neonate
72
What anti-depressant do you want to use in PG?
fluoxetine (more SSRIs are Cat C)
73
What SSRI is cat D?
paxil
74
Benefits of contraception
1. reduced risk endometrial CA 2. reduced risk ovarian CA 3. regulation of menstration, reduced dysmenorrhea 4. fever breast fibroadenomas, cysts 5. reduced risk PID 6. improved acne control
75
What is the biphasic COC?
Lo Loestrin Fe
76
What is the quadraphasic COC?
Natazia
77
What is the monophasic COC?
Loestrin Fe 1/20
78
What is the triphasic COC?
Triphasil
79
What is the progestin only OCP?
Ovrette
80
When is ovrette useful to take?
when patient can't take COC (tobacco, obesity, >35yo, HTN, lupus, migrain w/aura, etc.)
81
What are the 2 continuous/extended cycle COC?
1. Lybrel | 2. Quartette
82
How long can you use continuous COC?
4 years
83
What are absolute contraindications to using COC?
``` hx thromboembolic d/o hx CAD hx breast CA hx estrogen-dependent neoplasm hx abnormal uterine bleeding PG >15cigs/day and >35yo hx hepatic tumor active liver disease migraine w/aura ```
84
What are relative contraindications to using COC?
85
What are SE of COC?
bleeding headache GI
86
When should a headache cause you to stop COC and do a workup?
- start or more severe after starting COC - associated with blurred vision or neuro deficit - increased migraine frequency
87
What are estrogen-based SE of COC?
N/V
88
What are progestin-based SE of COC?
constipation, bloating, distention
89
How soon do GI SE usually resolve after starting COC?
1-3 months
90
What are other SE of progestin in COC?
1. decreased libido 2. depression 3. dyslipidemia
91
What are other SE of estrogen in COC?
1. mastalgia | 2. weight gain
92
What does estrogen excess cause?
1. bloating 2. migraine headache 3. decreased libido 4. weight gain
93
What does estrogen deficiency cause?
1. spotting 2. amenorrhea 3. vaginal dryness
94
What does progestin excess cause?
1. acne 2. increased appetite 3. fatigue 4. depression 5. hirsutism
95
What does progestin deficiency cause?
amenorrhea
96
Why do a lot of medications decrease estrogen effectiveness?
It is a CYP3A4 substrate
97
What are benefits to progestin only OCP?
1. less risk thromboembolic events 2. minimize menses after 6-9 cycles 3. continuous use
98
What are down sides of progestin only OCP?
1. sometimes spotting | 2. need to take consistently same time each day
99
What are down sides to the ortho-evra patch?
1. higher failure rates in women> 90kg (200#) | 2. possible increase rate VTE problems compared to COC
100
What are SE for depo?
1. weight gain | 2. potential for amenorrhea/infertility for 12-18 months after discontinue
101
What is the MOA of COC?
Suppression of FSH/LH with suppression of ovulation and reduced implantation; thickening cervical mucus, decr tubal motility
102
What is the progesterone agonist-antagonist emergency contraceptive?
Ella
103
How soon do you need to take an emergency contraceptive after intercourse?
120 hours
104
Can emergency contraceptives be used in women with most contraindications to OC?
YES!
105
What are goals of therapy of treating amenorrhea?
1. preserve bone density | 2. restore ovulation/fertility
106
What can be used in primary and secondary amenorrhea?
1. estrogen and progestin therapy (CEE, ethinyl estradiol, COC)
107
What do you use to treat hyperprolactinemia?
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
108
What do you use to treat polycycstic ovarian syndrome?
Metformine and TZD
109
What do you use to treat secondary amenorrhea?
DEPA (MPA)
110
How can you treat menorrheagia?
1. NSAIDs (20-50%) 2. COC (50%) 3. Mirena IUD (most effective, 90%)
111
What can you use to treat dysmenorrhea?
1. NSAIDs 2. OCP 3. Depa 5. Mirena IUD (ok in nuliparous woman)
112
What causes anovulatory bleeding?
unopposed estrogen
113
How do you treat anovulatory bleeding caused by PCOS?
1. COC (increases SHGB-- increased androgen binding) 2. MPA (oral or depo) 3. metformin or TZD
114
What are some contraindications to hormone therapy?
1. CHD 2. hx breast CA 3. PG 4. liver disase 5. undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
115
What are alternative treatments for menopause other than estrogen?
1. SSRIs (low dose paxil, clonidine) | 2. CAM
116
What are black box warning for estrogen (premarin)?
1. CVD 2. dementia 3. malignancies
117
What do you use estrogen for?
1. mod-severe vasomotor sxs 2. vaginal mucosal atrophy 3. hypogonadism
118
What drug do you use for dyspareunia?
Ospemifine
119
What drug do you use for hypoactive sexual desire in females?
Flibanserin
120
What disorder do you want to inhibit PDE5 enzyme?
ED
121
What receptors do you want to inhibit in BPH?
alpha 1 and 5-alpha reductase
122
What drugs can cause ED?
1. B-blockers 2. thiazides 3. spironolactone 4. alpha-blockers 5. 5alpha-reductase inhibitors
123
What are contraindications of PDE5 inhibitors?
1. high risk CV 2. nitrates 3. azole antifungals 4. erythromycin 5. >170/100,
124
What is the MOA of viagra?
inhibits PDE5 to increase [NO] leading to corpus cavernosum relaxation and inflow of blood to cause erection
125
What are SE of viagra?
1. headache 2. flushing 3. color vision changes 4. angina 5. hypotension
126
What are SE of testosterone?
1. prostate hypertrophy 2. emotional changes 3. altered libido 4. aggression 5. acne
127
What is the MOA of alpha-adrenergic antagonists in BPH?
relax bladder neck, prostatic, urethral smooth muscle
128
What is the MOA of 5alpha-reducate inhibtors in BPH?
decrease prostatic tissue growth sec to inhibiting conversion testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
129
What is the drug class for finasteride?
5 alpha-reducase inhibitor
130
What is the drug class for tamsulosin?
alpha-adrenergic antagonist
131
Which medication is used as an anti-neoplastic agent for palliative treatment of prostate CA, endometriosis?
Leuprolide
132
Which medication is used for metastatic prostate CA w/ LHRH agonist?
Flutamide
133
What is impramine used for?
depression, offlabel for Urinary incontinence
134
What is the drug class of impramine?
tricyclic antidepressant
135
What is oxybutinin used for?
1. overative bladder | 2. urge incontinence
136
What is the drug class of oxybutinin and tolterodine?
anticholinergic agent
137
What is Mirabegron used for?
overactive bladder with sxs of urianry frequency, urgency or urge incontinence
138
What is the drug class for Mirabegron?
Beta2-agonist

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