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Repro/GU > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Which medication prevents neural tube defects?

A

Folic Acid

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2
Q

Which medication prevents neural tube defects?

A

Folic Acid

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3
Q

What do you want to r/o before starting someone on folic acid?

A

B12 deficiency

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4
Q

Which medication helps with N/V during pregnancy?

A

Doxyalamine and pyridoxine

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5
Q

Why type of medication is Doxyalamine?

A

antihistamine

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6
Q

What is pyridoxine?

A

Vitamin B6

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7
Q

What do you give someone with Trichomoniasis?

A

Metronidazole

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8
Q

What do you give someone with gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone

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9
Q

What do you give someone with bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

What do you give someone with chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

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11
Q

What do you give someone with syphilis?

A

Benzathine Penicillin G

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12
Q

What do you give someone with HSV?

A

valcyclovir/acyclovir

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13
Q

What do you give someone with candidiasis?

A

Clotrimazole cream

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14
Q

What do you have to warn people about topical -azole medications?

A

weaken latex, diaphragm

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15
Q

What do you give an HIV neg person for HIV prophylaxis?

A

Truvada (Tenofovir/Emtricitabine)

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16
Q

What do you need to do before starting someone on truvada?

A

confirm HIV neg

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17
Q

How often do you want to test for HIV?

A

every 3 months

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18
Q

What type of PG HTN can you use methyldopa for?

A

chronic/pre-existing HTN

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19
Q

What is the other PG HTN medication that can be used in all types of HTN?

A

labetolol

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20
Q

What drug class is methyldopa?

A

CNS alpha-adgrenergic inhibitor

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21
Q

What drug class is labetalol?

A

nonselective alpha1, Beta1 and 2 blocker

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22
Q

What are common SE of methyldopa?

A

depression/anxiety, hemolytic anemia

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23
Q

What are contraindications for labetalol?

A

bradycardia and bronchial asthma

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24
Q

What medication can be given for premature labor/eclampsia?

A

magnesium sulfate

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25
Q

What is the MOA of magnesium sulfate?

A

decr ach in motor nerve terminals; slows rate SA node impulse formation; relaxation bronchial smooth muscle

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26
Q

What are contraindications for magnesium sulfate?

A

heart block, myocardial damage

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27
Q

what is the DOC for pain treatment in pregnancy?

A

acetaminophen

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28
Q

What drugs do you want to avoid to treat pain?

A

NSAIDs

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29
Q

What do you want to watch out for with antipyschotics in pregnancy?

A

potential risk for extrapyramadil signs and withdrawl sxs in neonate

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30
Q

What anti-depressant do you want to use in PG?

A

fluoxetine (more SSRIs are Cat C)

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31
Q

What SSRI is cat D?

A

paxil

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32
Q

Benefits of contraception

A
  1. reduced risk endometrial CA
  2. reduced risk ovarian CA
  3. regulation of menstration, reduced dysmenorrhea
  4. fever breast fibroadenomas, cysts
  5. reduced risk PID
  6. improved acne control
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33
Q

What is the biphasic COC?

A

Lo Loestrin Fe

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34
Q

What is the quadraphasic COC?

A

Natazia

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35
Q

What is the monophasic COC?

A

Loestrin Fe 1/20

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36
Q

What is the triphasic COC?

A

Triphasil

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37
Q

What is the progestin only OCP?

A

Ovrette

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38
Q

When is ovrette useful to take?

A

when patient can’t take COC (tobacco, obesity, >35yo, HTN, lupus, migrain w/aura, etc.)

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39
Q

What are the 2 continuous/extended cycle COC?

A
  1. Lybrel

2. Quartette

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40
Q

How long can you use continuous COC?

A

4 years

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41
Q

What are absolute contraindications to using COC?

A 
hx thromboembolic d/o
hx CAD
hx breast CA
hx estrogen-dependent neoplasm
hx abnormal uterine bleeding
PG
>15cigs/day and >35yo
hx hepatic tumor
active liver disease
migraine w/aura
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42
Q

What are relative contraindications to using COC?

A
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43
Q

What are SE of COC?

A

bleeding
headache
GI

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44
Q

When should a headache cause you to stop COC and do a workup?

A
  • start or more severe after starting COC
  • associated with blurred vision or neuro deficit
  • increased migraine frequency
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45
Q

What do you want to r/o before starting someone on folic acid?

A

B12 deficiency

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46
Q

Which medication helps with N/V during pregnancy?

A

Doxyalamine and pyridoxine

How well did you know this?
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2
3
4
5
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47
Q

Why type of medication is Doxyalamine?

A

antihistamine

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48
Q

What is pyridoxine?

A

Vitamin B6

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49
Q

What do you give someone with Trichomoniasis?

A

Metronidazole

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50
Q

What do you give someone with gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone

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51
Q

What do you give someone with bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
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3
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52
Q

What do you give someone with chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

How well did you know this?
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3
4
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53
Q

What do you give someone with syphilis?

A

Benzathine Penicillin G

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What do you give someone with HSV?

A

valcyclovir/acyclovir

How well did you know this?
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2
3
4
5
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55
Q

What do you give someone with candidiasis?

A

Clotrimazole cream

How well did you know this?
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2
3
4
5
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56
Q

What do you have to warn people about topical -azole medications?

A

weaken latex, diaphragm

57
Q

What do you give an HIV neg person for HIV prophylaxis?

A

Truvada (Tenofovir/Emtricitabine)

58
Q

What do you need to do before starting someone on truvada?

A

confirm HIV neg

59
Q

How often do you want to test for HIV?

A

every 3 months

60
Q

What type of PG HTN can you use methyldopa for?

A

chronic/pre-existing HTN

61
Q

What is the other PG HTN medication that can be used in all types of HTN?

A

labetolol

62
Q

What drug class is methyldopa?

A

CNS alpha-adgrenergic inhibitor

63
Q

What drug class is labetalol?

A

nonselective alpha1, Beta1 and 2 blocker

64
Q

What are common SE of methyldopa?

A

depression/anxiety, hemolytic anemia

65
Q

What are contraindications for labetalol?

A

bradycardia and bronchial asthma

66
Q

What medication can be given for premature labor/eclampsia?

A

magnesium sulfate

67
Q

What is the MOA of magnesium sulfate?

A

decr ach in motor nerve terminals; slows rate SA node impulse formation; relaxation bronchial smooth muscle

68
Q

What are contraindications for magnesium sulfate?

A

heart block, myocardial damage

69
Q

what is the DOC for pain treatment in pregnancy?

A

acetaminophen

70
Q

What drugs do you want to avoid to treat pain?

A

NSAIDs

71
Q

What do you want to watch out for with antipyschotics in pregnancy?

A

potential risk for extrapyramadil signs and withdrawl sxs in neonate

72
Q

What anti-depressant do you want to use in PG?

A

fluoxetine (more SSRIs are Cat C)

73
Q

What SSRI is cat D?

A

paxil

74
Q

Benefits of contraception

A
  1. reduced risk endometrial CA
  2. reduced risk ovarian CA
  3. regulation of menstration, reduced dysmenorrhea
  4. fever breast fibroadenomas, cysts
  5. reduced risk PID
  6. improved acne control
75
Q

What is the biphasic COC?

A

Lo Loestrin Fe

76
Q

What is the quadraphasic COC?

A

Natazia

77
Q

What is the monophasic COC?

A

Loestrin Fe 1/20

78
Q

What is the triphasic COC?

A

Triphasil

79
Q

What is the progestin only OCP?

A

Ovrette

80
Q

When is ovrette useful to take?

A

when patient can’t take COC (tobacco, obesity, >35yo, HTN, lupus, migrain w/aura, etc.)

81
Q

What are the 2 continuous/extended cycle COC?

A
  1. Lybrel

2. Quartette

82
Q

How long can you use continuous COC?

A

4 years

83
Q

What are absolute contraindications to using COC?

A 
hx thromboembolic d/o
hx CAD
hx breast CA
hx estrogen-dependent neoplasm
hx abnormal uterine bleeding
PG
>15cigs/day and >35yo
hx hepatic tumor
active liver disease
migraine w/aura
84
Q

What are relative contraindications to using COC?

A
85
Q

What are SE of COC?

A

bleeding
headache
GI

86
Q

When should a headache cause you to stop COC and do a workup?

A
  • start or more severe after starting COC
  • associated with blurred vision or neuro deficit
  • increased migraine frequency
87
Q

What are estrogen-based SE of COC?

A

N/V

88
Q

What are progestin-based SE of COC?

A

constipation, bloating, distention

89
Q

How soon do GI SE usually resolve after starting COC?

A

1-3 months

90
Q

What are other SE of progestin in COC?

A
  1. decreased libido
  2. depression
  3. dyslipidemia
91
Q

What are other SE of estrogen in COC?

A
  1. mastalgia

2. weight gain

92
Q

What does estrogen excess cause?

A
  1. bloating
  2. migraine headache
  3. decreased libido
  4. weight gain
93
Q

What does estrogen deficiency cause?

A
  1. spotting
  2. amenorrhea
  3. vaginal dryness
94
Q

What does progestin excess cause?

A
  1. acne
  2. increased appetite
  3. fatigue
  4. depression
  5. hirsutism
95
Q

What does progestin deficiency cause?

A

amenorrhea

96
Q

Why do a lot of medications decrease estrogen effectiveness?

A

It is a CYP3A4 substrate

97
Q

What are benefits to progestin only OCP?

A
  1. less risk thromboembolic events
  2. minimize menses after 6-9 cycles
  3. continuous use
98
Q

What are down sides of progestin only OCP?

A
  1. sometimes spotting

2. need to take consistently same time each day

99
Q

What are down sides to the ortho-evra patch?

A
  1. higher failure rates in women> 90kg (200#)

2. possible increase rate VTE problems compared to COC

100
Q

What are SE for depo?

A
  1. weight gain

2. potential for amenorrhea/infertility for 12-18 months after discontinue

101
Q

What is the MOA of COC?

A

Suppression of FSH/LH with suppression of ovulation and reduced implantation; thickening cervical mucus, decr tubal motility

102
Q

What is the progesterone agonist-antagonist emergency contraceptive?

A

Ella

103
Q

How soon do you need to take an emergency contraceptive after intercourse?

A

120 hours

104
Q

Can emergency contraceptives be used in women with most contraindications to OC?

A

YES!

105
Q

What are goals of therapy of treating amenorrhea?

A
  1. preserve bone density

2. restore ovulation/fertility

106
Q

What can be used in primary and secondary amenorrhea?

A
  1. estrogen and progestin therapy (CEE, ethinyl estradiol, COC)
107
Q

What do you use to treat hyperprolactinemia?

A

Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)

108
Q

What do you use to treat polycycstic ovarian syndrome?

A

Metformine and TZD

109
Q

What do you use to treat secondary amenorrhea?

A

DEPA (MPA)

110
Q

How can you treat menorrheagia?

A
  1. NSAIDs (20-50%)
  2. COC (50%)
  3. Mirena IUD (most effective, 90%)
111
Q

What can you use to treat dysmenorrhea?

A
  1. NSAIDs
  2. OCP
  3. Depa
  4. Mirena IUD (ok in nuliparous woman)
112
Q

What causes anovulatory bleeding?

A

unopposed estrogen

113
Q

How do you treat anovulatory bleeding caused by PCOS?

A
  1. COC (increases SHGB– increased androgen binding)
  2. MPA (oral or depo)
  3. metformin or TZD
114
Q

What are some contraindications to hormone therapy?

A
  1. CHD
  2. hx breast CA
  3. PG
  4. liver disase
  5. undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
115
Q

What are alternative treatments for menopause other than estrogen?

A
  1. SSRIs (low dose paxil, clonidine)

2. CAM

116
Q

What are black box warning for estrogen (premarin)?

A
  1. CVD
  2. dementia
  3. malignancies
117
Q

What do you use estrogen for?

A
  1. mod-severe vasomotor sxs
  2. vaginal mucosal atrophy
  3. hypogonadism
118
Q

What drug do you use for dyspareunia?

A

Ospemifine

119
Q

What drug do you use for hypoactive sexual desire in females?

A

Flibanserin

120
Q

What disorder do you want to inhibit PDE5 enzyme?

A

ED

121
Q

What receptors do you want to inhibit in BPH?

A

alpha 1 and 5-alpha reductase

122
Q

What drugs can cause ED?

A
  1. B-blockers
  2. thiazides
  3. spironolactone
  4. alpha-blockers
  5. 5alpha-reductase inhibitors
123
Q

What are contraindications of PDE5 inhibitors?

A
  1. high risk CV
  2. nitrates
  3. azole antifungals
  4. erythromycin
  5. > 170/100,
124
Q

What is the MOA of viagra?

A

inhibits PDE5 to increase [NO] leading to corpus cavernosum relaxation and inflow of blood to cause erection

125
Q

What are SE of viagra?

A
  1. headache
  2. flushing
  3. color vision changes
  4. angina
  5. hypotension
126
Q

What are SE of testosterone?

A
  1. prostate hypertrophy
  2. emotional changes
  3. altered libido
  4. aggression
  5. acne
127
Q

What is the MOA of alpha-adrenergic antagonists in BPH?

A

relax bladder neck, prostatic, urethral smooth muscle

128
Q

What is the MOA of 5alpha-reducate inhibtors in BPH?

A

decrease prostatic tissue growth sec to inhibiting conversion testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

129
Q

What is the drug class for finasteride?

A

5 alpha-reducase inhibitor

130
Q

What is the drug class for tamsulosin?

A

alpha-adrenergic antagonist

131
Q

Which medication is used as an anti-neoplastic agent for palliative treatment of prostate CA, endometriosis?

A

Leuprolide

132
Q

Which medication is used for metastatic prostate CA w/ LHRH agonist?

A

Flutamide

133
Q

What is impramine used for?

A

depression, offlabel for Urinary incontinence

134
Q

What is the drug class of impramine?

A

tricyclic antidepressant

135
Q

What is oxybutinin used for?

A
  1. overative bladder

2. urge incontinence

136
Q

What is the drug class of oxybutinin and tolterodine?

A

anticholinergic agent

137
Q

What is Mirabegron used for?

A

overactive bladder with sxs of urianry frequency, urgency or urge incontinence

138
Q

What is the drug class for Mirabegron?

A

Beta2-agonist

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