Pharmacology Flashcards
Treatment for Ototoxicity
-aspirin
Alpha 2 Agonists
- Brimonidine is an alpha-2 agonist that can be added as 2nd or 3rd line glaucoma treatment.
- Increases outflow AND decreases production of aqueous humor.
- ADRs: CNS depression (hypotension/somnolence), ocular irritation, red eye, and apnea in neonates
Which class of drug increases outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of the ciliary muscle?
- cholinergic agonists
- pilocarpine
Which class of drug used to treat glaucoma is reduces the production of aqueous humor?
- non selective beta blocker
- alpha 2 agonists
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Prostaglandin Analogs
-inc. outflow of aqueous humor
Selegiline
-allow inc. storage of DA within vesicles in presynaptic nerve terminals
Glaucoma Medications
- prostaglandin analogs
- alpha-2 adrenergic agonists
- beta adrenergic antagonists
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- cholinergic receptor agonists
Drugs for Parkinsons
- dopamine precursors/DDC inhibitors: carbidopa, levodopa/carbidopa
- dopamine receptor agonists: pramipexole, ropinerole
- DA releaser NMDA block: amantadine
- anticholinergic drugs
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors
What does monoamine oxidase do?
-degrade DA
Dopamine Precursors/DDC (DA decarboxylase) Inhibitors
- carbidopa
- levodopa/carbidopa
DA Receptor Agonists
- pramipexole, ropinerole
- DA releaser NMDA block (acts like DA receptor agonist): amantadine
Anticholinergic Drug Action
- parkinson’s disease tx
- pts with parkinsons have relatively high levels of ACh
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Action
- people with parkinsons have dec. DA
- MAO breaks down DA
- this drug inhibits breakdown of DA
- ex. Selegiline
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor Action
- catechol-O-methyltransferase degrades catecholamines such as DA
- COMi inhibits degradation of DA
Prostaglandin Analogs
- tx for glaucoma
- inc. outflow of aqueous humor
- side effects: long lashes, and brown pigmentation
Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists
- tx for glaucoma
- dec. production of aqueous humor
- red eye
- CNS depression
Beta Adrenergic Agonists
- beta blocker
- BEST pharmacotherapeutic option to reduce production of aqueous humor in chronic open angle glaucoma
- glaucoma tx
- dec. aqueous humor production
- second choice after PG analog
- side effects: systemic if enter system
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
- tx for glaucoma
- dec. production of aqueous humor
- second choice (along with BBs) after PGs
- side effects: bitter taste
Cholinergic Receptor Agonists
- tx for glaucoma
- miotics
- inc. aqueous humor outflow
Tourette Syndrome Tx
- tetrabenazine (txs chorea)
- neuroleptics (DA receptor antagonist)
Tx for Essential Tremor
- primidone (anticonvulsant)
- propranolol (beta blocker)
Tx for Huntingtons
- tetrabenazine (tx chorea)
- neuroleptics (DA receptor antagonist like haloperidol)
