Pharmacology Flashcards
A measure of he extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route. Enteral drugs are 100% bioavailable
Bioavailability
One or more biochemical reactions involving apparent drug. Occurs mainly in the liver.
Biotransformation
The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level
Trough level
Drug interactions in which 1 + 1 > 2
Synergistic effects
Reduced response to a drug after prolonged use
Tolerance
The study of what happens to a drug from the time it is put into the body until the drug has left the body
Pharmacokinetics
The time required for. Drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing.
Onset of action.
The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation thru the bloodstream.
First pass effect
Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Drug
The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the GI tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation
Dissolution
The time required for half of an administered dose of drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%
Half life
The time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body
Peak effect
The study of the biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs at their sites of activity
Pharmacodynamics
The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration usually measured in a bold sampling therapeutic drug monitoring.
Peak level
Drug interactions in which the effect of a combo of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the drug given alone. 1+1 =2
Additive effects
A general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs
Adverse effect
A drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the body
Agonist
The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug
Chemical name
The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a response.
Duration of action
A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body
Antagonist
The name given by the United States Adopted Names Council
Generic name
The desired or intended effect of a particular medication
therapeutic effect
An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity of a patient to particular medication
Allergic reaction
The quality of being poisonous (injurious to health or dangerous to life)
Toxic
The ratio between toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug
Therapeutic index
The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals and microscopic entities (bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream and the CNS. Still allows for the passage of essential substances such as oxygen.
Blood brain barrier
Six Rights of Medication
✔️Right Drug ✔️Right Dose ✔️Right Route ✔️Right Time ✔️Right Patient ✔️Right Documentation
Documentation of administered meds
Med name Med dose Med route Time of administration Initials of nurse Site of injection (if applicable)
Assessing patient response times
15-30 min for IV or subq
30-60 for oral
3 routes of drug admjnistration
Enteral
Parenteral
Topical
Ability of a drug to move into solution
Dissolution
Enteral meds
The entire alimentary canal from the mouth to the anus
Liquids absorbs fastest
Enteric coated absorbed slowest
Parenteral route
Absorption via the capillary system IV IM SQ Intradermal
Topical method of administration
Patches
Ointments
inhalers
Powder
Pharmacokinetics
Study of how he body deals with a drug 4 processes: Absorption distribution Metabolism Excretion
Absorption
The movement of a drug from the site of administration into he bloodstream for distribution to the tissues
Drug routes that undergo first pass effect
Oral
Hepatic artery
Portal vein
Rectal
Drugs that do not undergo first-pass effect
Buccal-sublingual Parenteral Topical Transdermal Inhaled
Distribution
The transport of a drug to the body's site of action Rapid distribution -heart, liver, kidneys, brain Slower distribution -muscles skin fat
