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USMLE Studying > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

IL2 cancer drug?

A

Adlesleukin

Mestatic melanoma and RCC for tumor regression bc activates NK cells against tumor cells

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2
Q

Alemtuzumab?

A

anti-CD52 humanized monoclonal antibody for treatment of CLL

initiates direct cytotoxic effect through complement fixation and Antibody-dependent cell-medated toxicity

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3
Q

Hwo do chemotherapuetic agents like Etoposide, Vincristine, and Cyclophosphamide work?

A

kill cancer cells by inducing apoptosis

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4
Q

What is Milrininone?

A

PDE3 Isoenzyme inhibitor

Increases cAMP in heart and Increases Cardiac contractillity and increases vasodilation

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5
Q

When wold you not use Succinyl choline and why?

A

Increased K+ in crush injuries and burn injuries and also in de-innervation like paraplegia and myopathy

bc upregulated mAchR or +Rhabdo

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6
Q

What is Metoprolol and what does it do?

A

selective Beta 1 adrenergic antagonist

Cardiac tissue and renal JG cells

Blocks catecholamine induced renin reliease and slows AV conduction and increass PR interval

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7
Q

DRUGS THAT CAUSE SEROTONIN SYNDROME?

A

SSRI SNRI MAOI Tricyclics

Tramadol

5HT3 receptor antagonsti (Odansetron)

Linezolid

Triptans

SS = neuromuscular excitation w/ hyperreflexivity and clonus, hyperthermia, tachycardia, sweating, tremor, agitation, confusion

TREATMENT: Cyproheptadine ==> Antihistamine w/ non-specific 5HT antagonist properties

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8
Q

SIDE EFFECTS OF TMP SMX

A

Hemolysis in G6PD

Hyperkalemia

Megaloblastic anemia (bc no DHF reductase)

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9
Q

What are the 2 classes of Da Agonists? Drugs in Each class? Uses?

A

Da Agonists dont have to be metab to be activated and stimulate receptors w/ long half life and so good for parkinsons to stimualte D2

Ergot Derivatives = Bromocriptine and Perglotid

Non-ergot = Pramipexole and Ropinirole

*Bromocryptine is the treatment for Hyperprolactinemia

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10
Q

What is the miracle drug that’s safe for Kidneys in HTN emergency?

A

FENOLDOPAM

New IB drug that’s a D1 Agonist and no activation of Alpha/Beta receptors and so D1 activates AC and inceases cAMP = Vasodilation (renal, mesent, coronary)

Decreases TPR and improves flow to kidneys to increase Na/Water Excretion

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11
Q

Problem w/ Nitroprusside?

A

Short term arterial/veno dilator that’s fast acting w/ slight reflex sympathetic activation –> Fluid retention

Metabolised to CN and Thiocyanate in large amounts!!

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12
Q

Treatment for BB overdose?

A

GLUCAGON

increase cAMP and Ca2+ or contraction and HR within minutes independent of Beta receptor blockade

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13
Q

What the heck is BEthanichol?

A

Cholinergic agonist used to stimulate peristalsis in post op pts and treatment for Non-Obstructive urinary retention = bladder atony

FX: SLUDGE!

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14
Q

What do you give for Warfarin OD?

What do you give for Heparin reversal?

A

Warfarin - FFP or Vitamin K

Heparin - Protamine

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15
Q

Drugs that cause hearing deficits?

A

Aminoglycosides

Vancomycin

Loop diuretics

Slicylates

Cisplatin

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16
Q

DRUGS TO CHECK CBC FOR:

A

Chloramphenicol –> Aplastic Anemia

Dapsone –> Agranulocytosis

TMP-SMX –> Megaloblastic anemia

17
Q

Niacin mechanism of action, use, effects etc

A

Mechanism - decreases lipids bc decreases synthesis of TG and VLDL and INCREASES HDL

FX: increases serum uric acid and can lead to gout, increased facial flushing (take aspirin before), Hepatotoxicity, Hyperglycemia in DM

18
Q

Meds that increase serum uric acid

A

HCTZ

Cyclosporine

Pyrazinamide (TB med)

Niacin

19
Q

DRUG INDUCED LUPUS DRUGS

A

Hydralazine

Procainamide

Isoniazid

Minocycline

Quinidine

20
Q

What is an inhaled steroid used for asthma? Prcautions when taking?

A

Flunisolide

Oral candida - need to use rinse

also dysphonia and some systemic effects at high doses

No fluid retention w/ inhaled steroids only systemic

21
Q

why do you get EPS in Antipsychotic use?

A

Block D2 in MEsolimbic pathway (good) but also in Nigrostriata lpathway (bad)

D2 inhibition vs M1 Excitation in Nigrostriatal and so blcok D2 inhib and increase M1 excitation = EPS

Treatmnet w/ M1 Antagonist like Benztropine or Diphenhydramine

22
Q
A

USMLE Studying (8 decks)

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