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Behavioral Science > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are short acting benzodiazepines?

A

Alprazolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam

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2
Q

What medication should be used for ADHD?

A

Stimulants (e.g. methylphenidate)

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3
Q

What medication should be used for Bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine (mood stabilizers)

Atypical antipsychotics

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4
Q

What medication should be used for Bulimia?

A

SSRIs

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5
Q

What medication should be used for Depression?

A

SSRIs

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6
Q

What medication should be used for Generalized Anxiety disorder?

A

SSRIs

SNRIs

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7
Q

What medication should be used for Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long acting benzos (diazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide)

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8
Q

What medication should be used for OCD?

A

SSRIs

Clomipramine

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9
Q

What medication should be used for Panic disorder?

A

SSRIs
Venlafaxine
Benzos

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10
Q

What medication should be used for PTSD?

A

SSRIs

Venlafaxine

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11
Q

What medication should be used for Schizophrenia?

A

Atypical antipsychotics

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12
Q

What medication should be used for Social phobias?

A

SSRIs

Beta-blockers

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13
Q

What medication should be used for Tourette syndrome?

A

Antipsychotics (fluphenazine, pimozide)
Tetrabenazine
Clonidine

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of CNS stimulants (methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine)?

A

Increase catecholamines in synaptic cleft, especially norepinephrine and dopamine

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15
Q

What are clinical uses of CNS stimulants?

A

ADHD, narcolepsy

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16
Q

Name the typical anti-psychotics

A

Haloperidol
+ “azines”

Trifluoperazine
Fluphenazine
Thioridazine
Chlorpromazine

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics?

A

Block dopamine D2 receptors

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18
Q

What are clinical uses of typical antipsychotics?

A

Schizophrenia (primarily positive symptoms)
Psychosis
Acute mania
Tourette syndrome

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19
Q

What are major side effects of typical antipsychotics?

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms - tardive dyskinesia

Endocrine side effects - DA antagonism –> hyperprolactinemia –> galactorrhea

Anticholinergic side effects - dry mouth, constipation

QT prolongation

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - rare

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome (due to typical antipsychotic use)?

A

Mnemonic: FEVER

  • Fever
  • Encephalopathy
  • Vitals unstable
  • Enzymes increase
  • Rigidity of muscles
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21
Q

Name the atypical antipsychotics

A

Mnemonic: It’s ATYPICAL for OLd CLOSets to QUIETly RISPER from A to Z

Olanzapine
Clozapine
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Ariprazole
Ziprasidone
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22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics?

A

Varied effects on 5-HT2, dopamine, and alpha- and histamine1- receptors

23
Q

What are clinical uses of atypical antipsychotics?

A 
Schizophrenia - positive AND negative symptoms
Bipolar disorder
OCD
Anxiety disorder
Depression
Mania
Tourette syndrome
24
Q

Compare the side effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics

A

Typical - Extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects

Atypical - fewer EPS and anticholinergic effects, but more weight gain due to effects at other receptors

Both cause QT prolongation

25
Q

What is a specific side effect of Clozapine?

A

Agranulocytosis (requires weekly WBC monitoring)

26
Q

What is a specific side effect of Risperidone?

A

Increase prolactin –> galactorrhea and gynecomastia

Increase prolactin –> decreased GnRH, LH, and FSH –> irregular menstruation and fertility issues

27
Q

What are clinical uses of Lithium?

A

Mood stabilizer - bipolar disorder to prevent manic events

28
Q

What are side effects of Lithium?

A

Mnemonic: My HO is NeeDI and Pregnant

Movement - tremor
HypOthyroidism
Nephriogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Pregnancy problems - Ebstein anomaly

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Buspirone?

A

Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors

30
Q

What are clinical uses of Buspirone?

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Mnemonic: always anxious if the BUS will be ON time, so take BUSpirONe

31
Q

What is an advantage that Buspirone has over benzos and barbiturates?

A

Does not interact with alcohol

32
Q

Name the SSRIs

A

Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Citalopram

Mnemonic: FLashbacks PARalyze SEnior CITizens

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

A

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (duh)

34
Q

What are the clinical uses of SSRIs?

A 
Depression
GAD
Panic disorder
OCD
Bulimia
Social phobias
PTSD
35
Q

What are common side effects of SSRIs?

A

GI distress
SIADH
Sexual dysfunction

36
Q

What is Serotonin syndrome?

A

Caused by any drug that increases 5-HT (SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, TCAs)
Most commonly occurs when SSRIs and MAOIs given together

Symptoms include:

  • Hyperthermia
  • Confusion
  • Myoclonus
  • CV instability
  • Flushing
  • Diarrhea
  • Seizures
37
Q

When do SSRIs take effect?

A

4-8 weeks

38
Q

Name the SNRIs

A

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine

39
Q

What is the mechanism of action of SNRIs?

A

Inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

40
Q

What are clinical uses of SNRIs?

A

Depression - both

Venlafaxine - GAD, panic disorder, PTSD
Duloxetine - diabetic peripheral neuropathy

41
Q

Name the Tricyclic Antidepressants

A 
Amitriptyline
Nortriptyline
Imipramine
Desipramine
Clomipramine
Doxepin
Amoxapine
42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of TCAs?

A

Inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

43
Q

What are side effects of TCAs?

A

Mnemonic: TRI - C’s

Convulsions
Coma
Cardiotoxicity

44
Q

Name the MAOIs

A

Tranylcypromine
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Selegiline (selective MAO-B)

45
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MAOIs?

A

Inhibit MAO, preventing breakdown of amine neurotransmitters and thereby increasing their levels (NE, 5HT, DA)

46
Q

What is a major side effects of MAOIs?

A

Hypertensive crisis with ingestion of tyramine (wine, cheese, fava beans, liver)

47
Q

What is Bupropion commonly used for?

A

Smoking cessation

48
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Mirtzapine?

A

Alpha-2 antagonist (increase release of NE and 5HT)

5HT2 and 5HT3 receptor antagonist

49
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Trazodone?

A

Inhibits 5HT2 and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

50
Q

What is Mirtazapine commonly used for?

A

Depression - especially in patients with insomnia or who need to gain weight (causes weight gain)

51
Q

What is Trazodone commonly used for?

A

Insomnia

52
Q

What are main side effects of Trazodone?

A

Called trazoBONE - priapism

53
Q

What are clinical uses of MAOIs?

A

Atypical depression

54
Q

What is the treatment for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?

A

Dantrolene (muscle relaxant)

Behavioral Science (3 decks)

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