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Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the other name of B1?

A

Thiamine

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2
Q

Whats the other name of B3?

A

Niacin

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3
Q

Whats the other name of B9?

A

Folic Acid

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4
Q

Whats the other name of B12?

A

Cyanocobalamin

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5
Q

Whats the other name of Vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic Acid

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6
Q

What lab tests do you monitor with gemfibrozil (Lopid)? And why?

A

a. CPK- Creatine phosphokinase

b. It shows the progression of muscle wasting

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7
Q

B3 (Niacin) acts by lowering _____ and and increasing ____?

A

a. Lowers VLDL

b. Increases HDL

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8
Q

What is the major side effect of vitamin B3?

And how do you prevent it?

A

a. Flushing**

b. Take aspirin 30 min prior to administration to reduce flushing

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9
Q

What does cholestyramine (Qustran) do and how does it work?

A

Lowers cholesterol by bringing cholesterol into the feces and excreting it out of the body.

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10
Q

What is the buffer (treatment) for respiratory acidosis?

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

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11
Q

What are the side effects of enalapril (Vasotec)? and what are you at high risk for when on Vasotec?

A

a. Orthorstatic hypotension, Lightheaded, weak, drowsiness.

b. Risk for falls

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12
Q

What are the side effects of nifedipine (Procardia)?

A

Flushing, Peripheral edema

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13
Q

Why do you want to monitor diabetes patients closely when they are on propanolol (Inderal)?

A

It masks the effects of hypoglycemia

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14
Q

People with which disease(s) are contraindicated from taking propranolol (Inderal)? (3)

A

Patients with respiratory disorders (asthma and COPD), and heart failure.

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15
Q

At what point is the lab values in digoxin (Lanoxin) considered too high? and what value is considered toxic?

A

Above 1.8 hold medication and call MD. Above 2 is toxic.

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16
Q

When do you give hydrochorothiazide (HCTZ) or furosemide (Lasix) and why?

A

Give in the morning so patient does’t have to get up at night and increase the risk for falls.

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17
Q

What important lab values do you monitor when on hydrochorothiazide (HCTZ) or furosemide (Lasix)?

A

Electrolytes, especially potassium.

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18
Q

How does milrinone (Primacor) work?

A

Blocks phosphoesterase in cardiac muscle and increases availability of calcium. It creates 2 main benefits: (+) inotropic action (increases conduction of the heart) and vasodilatation. Cardiac output increased.

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19
Q

What is the patient teaching of a patient on Nitropaste or Nitropatch? and what do you do if chest pain is unrelieved?

A

a. Cover bottle to stop exposure to light, wear gloves, rotate sites, take three doses 5 min. apart if unrelieved. If pain persists, call 911.

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20
Q

What is the black box warning for Procainamide?

A

May cause antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and lupus-like symptoms (30-50% patients)

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21
Q

How does Procainamide work as a antidyshymic?

A

(Sodium channel blocker)- Blocks sodium ion channels in myocardial cells. Slows contraction. Prolongs refectory period.

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22
Q

What types of shock does norepinephrine (Levophed) help? (3)

A

Cardiogenic, septic, and acute.

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23
Q

Where does Lasix reabsorb sodium and water?

A

Ascending loop of Henle

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24
Q

What is the mode of action of sodium channel blockers? and what are you at risk for when on these?

A

a. Blocks Na+ ion channels. Prevents depolarization. Slows action potential. Areas of ectopic pacemaker activity will be suppressed.
b. Risk for create new dysrhythmias or worsen existing ones.

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25
What are the signs and symptoms when on amiodarone (Cordarone)? (5)
New dysrthythmias, Hypotension , Bradycardia, ammonia (CNS) toxicity, pulmonary toxicity
26
Normal Lab values for PT, PTT, and INR?
PT- 2-3 to prevent DVT and 2.5-3.5 to prevent arterial thrombosis PTT- 25-35 seconds INR- 0.8-1.2
27
Side effect of low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin (Lovenox)?
Bleeding.
28
Why do you use more than one drug for tuberculosis?
To prevent resistance.
29
What drug is used to treat tuberculosis?
Isoniazid (INH).
30
How long does treatment last tuberculosis?
6-24 months.
31
At what age can't you give diphenyhdramine (Benadryl) ? and why?
a. Under 6 | b. Causes hyperexcitablity
32
What does diphenyhdramine (Benadryl) do to you?
Anticholenergic (drys you up)
33
What are some side effects of patients on promethazine (Phenergan)? (6)
1. Dry Mouth 2.Urnary Retention 3. Dizziness 4. N/V 5. Extrapyramidal 6. Agranulocytosis
34
Why do we give intranasal corticosteriods over oral? (2)
1. Decreased severity of side effects | 2. Immediate absorption
35
Why don't we use for corticosteriods for more than 3-5 days?
At risk for rebound congestion
36
What pre-administration instructions do you give a patient taking intranasal medications?
Blow nose prior
37
Major side effect of respiratory drugs? (i.e. albuterol, intranasal corticosteriods, etc...)
Tachycardia
38
How do sympathomimetics work?
Directly: binds to and activates adrenergic receptors Indirectly: Work on central effects in the brain by inhibiting and/or releasing norepinephrine
39
What are some causes of allergic rhinitis? (4)
1. environmental allergies 2. Pollen/ ragweeds 3. Smoking 4. Pets
40
What is acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) used for?
Breakup of thick secretions/mucous
41
Besides a cold, what are some other uses for diphenyhdramine (Benadryl)? (2)
1. Sleep | 2. Anaphylactic shock
42
Where does dextromethorphan (Robitussin) act?
The medulla
43
Do you take cimetidien (Tagamet) with meals, after meals or on an empty stomach? And how many times a day do you have to take it?
20-30 min before meals. | Up to four times a day.
44
Can you/should you administer cimetidien (Tagamet) with antacids?
No.
45
What classification is cimetidien (Tagamet)?
H2-receptor antagonist
46
What are some rare adverse effects of cimetidien (Tagamet)? (7) ABCD**GH
1. Hepatitis 2. Blood Dyscraias 3. Anaphylaxis 4.Dysrhythmias 5. Galactorrhea. 6. Confusion or psychoses
47
Don't give sodium bicarbonate (Alka-Seltzer) to anyone with ____, ____, ____, ____, and Hypertension?
GI obstructions, CHF, Edema, Metabolic Alkalosis
48
How do you take psyllium mucilloid (Metamucil)?
With water.
49
What side effects may you exhibit when on Metamucil? (3)
1. Esophageal obstruction. 2. Abdominal Fullness 3. Constipation
50
How does the proton pump inhibitor, esomeprazole (Nexium), work as an antiulcer medication?
Blocks enzymes (H+, K+ -ATPase) responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
51
How does docusate (Colace) work as a stool softener?
Causes more water and fat to be reabsorbed into the stool making it easier to pass
52
How do you know pharmacotherapy with diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomitil) has been effective/ineffective?
Monitor if diarrhea decreases or increases.
53
What does magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesium) do?
It neutralizes stomach acid.
54
Prochlorperzine (Compazine) side effects? (3)
1. Anticholenergic effects (dry eyes, sedation) 2. Extrapyramindal that resembles Parkinson's 3. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
55
Kayexalate is used for what?
Potassium overdose.
56
What type of patients receive Zofran?
Chemotherapy patients
57
Which vitamins are water-soluble? (2)
All b-complex vitamins and vitamin C
58
What vitamin are alcoholics deficient in?
Vitamin K
59
What is the result if you have a deficiency in vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)?
Pernicious (megaloblastic) anemia.
60
Why does the nurse take blood glucose when the patient is on TPN?
Sugar is concentrated in TPN and must be monitored.
61
What may you contract of you are deficient in vitamin C?
Scurvy.
62
Which of the following at high doses can cause facial flushing, shock, cardiac arrest, and ultimately death? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B9 C) Vitamin B12 D) Vitamin C E) Vitamin K
E) Vitamin K
63
Which drug class is given to patients with acute pancreatitis?
Opioids.
64
How do you administer pancrelipase (Creon)?
Give 1-2 hours before OR with meals. Powder may be sprinkled on food.
65
What are the common and severe adverse effects of pancrelipase (Creon)?
Common: GI disturbances Severe: Hyperuricemia
66
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is used for low hypothyroidism and may cause adverse effects of hyperthyroidism. What are some signs and symptoms of Hyperthyroidism? (4)
1. Palpations 2. Weight loss 3. Anxiety 4. Tremors
67
Propylthiouracil (PTU) is used to treat hyperthyroidism and may cause adverse effects of hypothyroidism. What are some signs and symptoms of this medication? (4)
1. Agranulocytosis (Going to be on test) 2. Bradycardia 3. Rash 4. Transient leukopenia
68
What are some uses for corticosteroids? (3)
1. Inflammation (Arthritis, back pain, etc.) 2. Edema 3. Anti-rejection drug
69
What are the side effects when treating Addison's disease with long-term corticosteroid use? (5)
1. Eye changes (cataracts and open-angle glaucoma) 2. Water retention 3. Peptic ulcers (especially when on NSAIDs) 4. Myopathy (muscle wasting) 5. Osteoporosis
70
When do you give Growth Hormone?
Before puberty. (Before the epiphyses plate closes)
71
What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? (2)
ADH and Oxytocin
72
What happens if you give Growth Hormone to an adult?
They will grow "out", not "up".
73
Can you give oral insulin to a type 1 diabetic?
No.
74
What is insulin aspart (NovoLog)'s action, onset, peak, and duration?
Action: Rapid Onset: 15 min Peak: 1-3 hr Duration: 3-5 hr
75
What is insulin lispro (Humalog)'s action, onset, peak, and duration?
Action: Rapid Onset: 5-15 min Peak: 0.5-1 hr Duration: 3-4 hr
76
What is insulin regular (Humulin R)'s action, onset, peak, and duration?
Action: Short Onset: 30-60 min Peak: 2-4 hr Duration: 5-7 hr
77
What is insulin isophane (NPH)'s action, onset, peak, and duration?
Action: Intermediate Onset: 1-2 hr Peak: 4-12 hr Duration: 18-24 hr
78
What is insulin detemir (Levemir)'s action, onset, peak, and duration?
Action: Long Onset: gradual over 24 hr Peak: 6-8 hr Duration: To 24 hr
79
What is insulin gargine (Lantus)'s action, onset, peak, and duration?
Action: Long Onset: 1.1 hr Peak: 3-4 hr Duration: 10-24 hr
80
What are common side effects of propanolol (Inderal)? (3)
fatigue hypotension bradycardia
81
What types of shock is treated with epinephrine (Adrenaline)?
anaphylactic shock
82
Side effects of dextromethorphan (Robitussin)? (3 common, 3 severe)
Common- dizziness, drowsiness, and GI upset | severe- CNS depression, paradoxical excitation, respiratory depression
83
What are the SEVERE side effects of diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)? (3)
paralytic ileus with toxic megacolon respiratory depression CNS depression
84
When is the hypoglycemic effect the greatest?
at the peak
85
What are the 2nd generation sulfonylureas drugs? What do they start with?
start with a "g", unlike the first generation glimepiride (Amaryl) glipizide (Glucotrol) glyburide (DiaBeta, Micronase) glyburide micronized (Glynase)
86
Side effects for metformin?
- GI related (n/v, abdominal discomfort, metallic taste, diarrhea, anorexia) - headache - dizziness - agitation - fatigue
87
What is nizoral (Ketoconazole) used for treatment?
Cushing's
88
For labs for Synthroid, what should they be?
T4 and T3 are low and TSH is high

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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