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Pharmacology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the other name of B1?

A

Thiamine

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2
Q

Whats the other name of B3?

A

Niacin

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3
Q

Whats the other name of B9?

A

Folic Acid

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4
Q

Whats the other name of B12?

A

Cyanocobalamin

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5
Q

Whats the other name of Vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic Acid

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6
Q

What lab tests do you monitor with gemfibrozil (Lopid)? And why?

A

a. CPK- Creatine phosphokinase

b. It shows the progression of muscle wasting

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7
Q

B3 (Niacin) acts by lowering _____ and and increasing ____?

A

a. Lowers VLDL

b. Increases HDL

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8
Q

What is the major side effect of vitamin B3?

And how do you prevent it?

A

a. Flushing**

b. Take aspirin 30 min prior to administration to reduce flushing

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9
Q

What does cholestyramine (Qustran) do and how does it work?

A

Lowers cholesterol by bringing cholesterol into the feces and excreting it out of the body.

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10
Q

What is the buffer (treatment) for respiratory acidosis?

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

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11
Q

What are the side effects of enalapril (Vasotec)? and what are you at high risk for when on Vasotec?

A

a. Orthorstatic hypotension, Lightheaded, weak, drowsiness.

b. Risk for falls

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12
Q

What are the side effects of nifedipine (Procardia)?

A

Flushing, Peripheral edema

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13
Q

Why do you want to monitor diabetes patients closely when they are on propanolol (Inderal)?

A

It masks the effects of hypoglycemia

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14
Q

People with which disease(s) are contraindicated from taking propranolol (Inderal)? (3)

A

Patients with respiratory disorders (asthma and COPD), and heart failure.

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15
Q

At what point is the lab values in digoxin (Lanoxin) considered too high? and what value is considered toxic?

A

Above 1.8 hold medication and call MD. Above 2 is toxic.

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16
Q

When do you give hydrochorothiazide (HCTZ) or furosemide (Lasix) and why?

A

Give in the morning so patient does’t have to get up at night and increase the risk for falls.

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17
Q

What important lab values do you monitor when on hydrochorothiazide (HCTZ) or furosemide (Lasix)?

A

Electrolytes, especially potassium.

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18
Q

How does milrinone (Primacor) work?

A

Blocks phosphoesterase in cardiac muscle and increases availability of calcium. It creates 2 main benefits: (+) inotropic action (increases conduction of the heart) and vasodilatation. Cardiac output increased.

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19
Q

What is the patient teaching of a patient on Nitropaste or Nitropatch? and what do you do if chest pain is unrelieved?

A

a. Cover bottle to stop exposure to light, wear gloves, rotate sites, take three doses 5 min. apart if unrelieved. If pain persists, call 911.

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20
Q

What is the black box warning for Procainamide?

A

May cause antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and lupus-like symptoms (30-50% patients)

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21
Q

How does Procainamide work as a antidyshymic?

A

(Sodium channel blocker)- Blocks sodium ion channels in myocardial cells. Slows contraction. Prolongs refectory period.

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22
Q

What types of shock does norepinephrine (Levophed) help? (3)

A

Cardiogenic, septic, and acute.

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23
Q

Where does Lasix reabsorb sodium and water?

A

Ascending loop of Henle

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24
Q

What is the mode of action of sodium channel blockers? and what are you at risk for when on these?

A

a. Blocks Na+ ion channels. Prevents depolarization. Slows action potential. Areas of ectopic pacemaker activity will be suppressed.
b. Risk for create new dysrhythmias or worsen existing ones.

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25
Q

What are the signs and symptoms when on amiodarone (Cordarone)? (5)

A

New dysrthythmias, Hypotension , Bradycardia, ammonia (CNS) toxicity, pulmonary toxicity

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26
Q

Normal Lab values for PT, PTT, and INR?

A

PT- 2-3 to prevent DVT and 2.5-3.5 to prevent arterial thrombosis
PTT- 25-35 seconds
INR- 0.8-1.2

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27
Q

Side effect of low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin (Lovenox)?

A

Bleeding.

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28
Q

Why do you use more than one drug for tuberculosis?

A

To prevent resistance.

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29
Q

What drug is used to treat tuberculosis?

A

Isoniazid (INH).

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30
Q

How long does treatment last tuberculosis?

A

6-24 months.

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31
Q

At what age can’t you give diphenyhdramine (Benadryl) ? and why?

A

a. Under 6

b. Causes hyperexcitablity

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32
Q

What does diphenyhdramine (Benadryl) do to you?

A

Anticholenergic (drys you up)

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33
Q

What are some side effects of patients on promethazine (Phenergan)? (6)

A
  1. Dry Mouth 2.Urnary Retention
  2. Dizziness 4. N/V 5. Extrapyramidal
  3. Agranulocytosis
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34
Q

Why do we give intranasal corticosteriods over oral? (2)

A
  1. Decreased severity of side effects

2. Immediate absorption

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35
Q

Why don’t we use for corticosteriods for more than 3-5 days?

A

At risk for rebound congestion

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36
Q

What pre-administration instructions do you give a patient taking intranasal medications?

A

Blow nose prior

37
Q

Major side effect of respiratory drugs? (i.e. albuterol, intranasal corticosteriods, etc…)

A

Tachycardia

38
Q

How do sympathomimetics work?

A

Directly: binds to and activates adrenergic receptors
Indirectly: Work on central effects in the brain by inhibiting and/or releasing norepinephrine

39
Q

What are some causes of allergic rhinitis? (4)

A
  1. environmental allergies
  2. Pollen/ ragweeds
  3. Smoking
  4. Pets
40
Q

What is acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) used for?

A

Breakup of thick secretions/mucous

41
Q

Besides a cold, what are some other uses for diphenyhdramine (Benadryl)? (2)

A
  1. Sleep

2. Anaphylactic shock

42
Q

Where does dextromethorphan (Robitussin) act?

A

The medulla

43
Q

Do you take cimetidien (Tagamet) with meals, after meals or on an empty stomach? And how many times a day do you have to take it?

A

20-30 min before meals.

Up to four times a day.

44
Q

Can you/should you administer cimetidien (Tagamet) with antacids?

A

No.

45
Q

What classification is cimetidien (Tagamet)?

A

H2-receptor antagonist

46
Q

What are some rare adverse effects of cimetidien (Tagamet)? (7) ABCD**GH

A
  1. Hepatitis 2. Blood Dyscraias
  2. Anaphylaxis 4.Dysrhythmias
  3. Galactorrhea. 6. Confusion or psychoses
47
Q

Don’t give sodium bicarbonate (Alka-Seltzer) to anyone with ____, ____, ____, ____, and Hypertension?

A

GI obstructions, CHF, Edema, Metabolic Alkalosis

48
Q

How do you take psyllium mucilloid (Metamucil)?

A

With water.

49
Q

What side effects may you exhibit when on Metamucil? (3)

A
  1. Esophageal obstruction.
  2. Abdominal Fullness
  3. Constipation
50
Q

How does the proton pump inhibitor, esomeprazole (Nexium), work as an antiulcer medication?

A

Blocks enzymes (H+, K+ -ATPase) responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

51
Q

How does docusate (Colace) work as a stool softener?

A

Causes more water and fat to be reabsorbed into the stool making it easier to pass

52
Q

How do you know pharmacotherapy with diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomitil) has been effective/ineffective?

A

Monitor if diarrhea decreases or increases.

53
Q

What does magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesium) do?

A

It neutralizes stomach acid.

54
Q

Prochlorperzine (Compazine) side effects? (3)

A
  1. Anticholenergic effects (dry eyes, sedation)
  2. Extrapyramindal that resembles Parkinson’s
  3. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
55
Q

Kayexalate is used for what?

A

Potassium overdose.

56
Q

What type of patients receive Zofran?

A

Chemotherapy patients

57
Q

Which vitamins are water-soluble? (2)

A

All b-complex vitamins and vitamin C

58
Q

What vitamin are alcoholics deficient in?

A

Vitamin K

59
Q

What is the result if you have a deficiency in vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)?

A

Pernicious (megaloblastic) anemia.

60
Q

Why does the nurse take blood glucose when the patient is on TPN?

A

Sugar is concentrated in TPN and must be monitored.

61
Q

What may you contract of you are deficient in vitamin C?

A

Scurvy.

62
Q

Which of the following at high doses can cause facial flushing, shock, cardiac arrest, and ultimately death?
A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B9
C) Vitamin B12 D) Vitamin C
E) Vitamin K

A

E) Vitamin K

63
Q

Which drug class is given to patients with acute pancreatitis?

A

Opioids.

64
Q

How do you administer pancrelipase (Creon)?

A

Give 1-2 hours before OR with meals. Powder may be sprinkled on food.

65
Q

What are the common and severe adverse effects of pancrelipase (Creon)?

A

Common: GI disturbances
Severe: Hyperuricemia

66
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is used for low hypothyroidism and may cause adverse effects of hyperthyroidism. What are some signs and symptoms of Hyperthyroidism? (4)

A
  1. Palpations
  2. Weight loss
  3. Anxiety
  4. Tremors
67
Q

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is used to treat hyperthyroidism and may cause adverse effects of hypothyroidism. What are some signs and symptoms of this medication? (4)

A
  1. Agranulocytosis (Going to be on test)
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Rash
  4. Transient leukopenia
68
Q

What are some uses for corticosteroids? (3)

A
  1. Inflammation (Arthritis, back pain, etc.)
  2. Edema
  3. Anti-rejection drug
69
Q

What are the side effects when treating Addison’s disease with long-term corticosteroid use? (5)

A
  1. Eye changes (cataracts and open-angle glaucoma)
  2. Water retention
  3. Peptic ulcers (especially when on NSAIDs)
  4. Myopathy (muscle wasting)
  5. Osteoporosis
70
Q

When do you give Growth Hormone?

A

Before puberty. (Before the epiphyses plate closes)

71
Q

What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? (2)

A

ADH and Oxytocin

72
Q

What happens if you give Growth Hormone to an adult?

A

They will grow “out”, not “up”.

73
Q

Can you give oral insulin to a type 1 diabetic?

A

No.

74
Q

What is insulin aspart (NovoLog)’s action, onset, peak, and duration?

A

Action: Rapid
Onset: 15 min
Peak: 1-3 hr
Duration: 3-5 hr

75
Q

What is insulin lispro (Humalog)’s action, onset, peak, and duration?

A

Action: Rapid
Onset: 5-15 min
Peak: 0.5-1 hr
Duration: 3-4 hr

76
Q

What is insulin regular (Humulin R)’s action, onset, peak, and duration?

A

Action: Short
Onset: 30-60 min
Peak: 2-4 hr
Duration: 5-7 hr

77
Q

What is insulin isophane (NPH)’s action, onset, peak, and duration?

A

Action: Intermediate
Onset: 1-2 hr
Peak: 4-12 hr
Duration: 18-24 hr

78
Q

What is insulin detemir (Levemir)’s action, onset, peak, and duration?

A

Action: Long
Onset: gradual over 24 hr
Peak: 6-8 hr
Duration: To 24 hr

79
Q

What is insulin gargine (Lantus)’s action, onset, peak, and duration?

A

Action: Long
Onset: 1.1 hr
Peak: 3-4 hr
Duration: 10-24 hr

80
Q

What are common side effects of propanolol (Inderal)? (3)

A

fatigue
hypotension
bradycardia

81
Q

What types of shock is treated with epinephrine (Adrenaline)?

A

anaphylactic shock

82
Q

Side effects of dextromethorphan (Robitussin)? (3 common, 3 severe)

A

Common- dizziness, drowsiness, and GI upset

severe- CNS depression, paradoxical excitation, respiratory depression

83
Q

What are the SEVERE side effects of diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)? (3)

A

paralytic ileus with toxic megacolon
respiratory depression
CNS depression

84
Q

When is the hypoglycemic effect the greatest?

A

at the peak

85
Q

What are the 2nd generation sulfonylureas drugs? What do they start with?

A

start with a “g”, unlike the first generation

glimepiride (Amaryl)
glipizide (Glucotrol)
glyburide (DiaBeta, Micronase)
glyburide micronized (Glynase)

86
Q

Side effects for metformin?

A
  • GI related (n/v, abdominal discomfort, metallic taste, diarrhea, anorexia)
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • agitation
  • fatigue
87
Q

What is nizoral (Ketoconazole) used for treatment?

A

Cushing’s

88
Q

For labs for Synthroid, what should they be?

A

T4 and T3 are low and TSH is high

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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