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MRCP1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Yellow-green tinge in vision

A

Digoxin

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1
Q

Blue tinge in vision

A

Sildinafil

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2
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin
Cyclosporin
Calcium channel blockers (esp. Nifedipine)

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3
Q

Varenicline

A

Nicotinic receptor partial agonist

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4
Q

Bupropion

A

Noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and nicotinic antagonist

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5
Q

Salicylate overdose

A

Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis

Haemodialysis if:
Serum concentration > 700mg/L
Metabolic acidosis resistant to treatment
Acute renal failure
Pulmonary oedema
Seizures
Coma
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6
Q

Paracetamol overdose

A

NAC
Naloxone if hypoxia or respiratory depression

Liver transplant if:
PT >100secs
Creat >300
Grade III or IV encephalopathy

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7
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A 
Hypokalaemia
MI
Hypomagnesiumaemia
Hypoalbuminaemia
Hypothermia
Hypothyroidism
Acidosis

Hypercalcaemia
Hypernatremia

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8
Q

Ethylene glycol toxicity

A

Fomepizole

Haemodialysis is refractory cases

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9
Q

Cocaine

A 
MI
HTN
QRS widening and QT prolongation
Aortic dissection
Hypertonia
Hyperreflexia
Hyperthermia
Metabolic acidosis
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10
Q

Lead poisoning

A 
Abdominal pain
Peripheral neuropathy
Fatigue
Constipation
Blue lines on gum margin

Basophilic stippling

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11
Q

Heparin

A

Activates antithrombin III

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12
Q

Adrenaline

A

Anaphylaxis: 0.5ml 1:1000 IM

Cardiac arrest 10ml 1:10000 IV / 1ml 1:1000 IV

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13
Q

Therapeutic drug monitoring

A

Phenytoin - trough levels immediately before dose

Cyclosporin - trough levels immediately before dose

Digoxin - 6hrs post dose at least

Lithium - 12hrs post dose

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14
Q

Palliative care

A

Breakthrough morphine is 1/6th daily dose of morphine

Metastatic bone pain responds to NSAIDs, bisphosphonates or radiotherapy

Codeine to morphine divide by 10
Tramadol to morphine divide by 5
Morphine to oxycodone divide by 2

PO morphine to SC diamorphine divide by 3

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15
Q

Alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist

A

Doxazosin

Used in HTN and BPH

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16
Q

Alpha 1a adrenoceptor antagonist

A

Tamsulosin

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17
Q

Beta 1 adrenoceptor antagonists

18
Q

Non selective beta adrenoceptor antagonists

A

Propranolol

19
Q

Lithium

A

Fine tremor in chronic treatment

Course tremor in acute toxicity

May lead to hypothyroidism
Thyroid and renal function to be checked every 6months

Lithium levels to be checked every 3months

Haemodialysis in severe toxicity

20
Q

Tricyclic overdose

A 
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Arrhythmias
Seizures
Metabolic acidosis

Management: IV bicarbonate

21
Q

Statins

A

Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase

Reduce cholesterol synthesis

22
Q

Beta blocker overdose

A

Atropine + glucagon

23
Q

Furosemide

A

Inhibits chloride absorption in ascending loop of henle

Hyponatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Hypocalcaemia
Hypochloraemic acidosis 
Renal impairment
Gout
Ototoxicity
24
Q

Bendroflumethiazide

A

Inhibits sodium absorption at the beginning of the DCT

Postural hypotension
Hyponatraemia
Hypokalaemia 
Hypercalcaemia
Gout
Impotence
25
Q

Spironolactone

A

Aldosterone antagonist which acts in the DCT

Hyperkalaemia
Gynaecomastia

26
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem
Nifedipine
Amlodipine

27
Q

ACEi

A

Cough
Hyperkalaemia
Renovascular disease

28
Q

Allopurinol

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

29
Q

HRT and combined OCP

A

Increased risk of breast cancer and VTE

Reduced risk of colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer

30
Q

Warfarin

A

Inhibits reduction of vitamin K

Affects clotting factors 10, 9, 7, 2

31
Q

Acyclovir

A

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

32
Q

Cyclosporin

A

Reduces IL2 release

Inhibits calcineurin

33
Q

Methotrexate

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

34
Q

Silendafil

A

Contraindicated by nitrates and nicorandil

35
Q

Octreotide

A

Long acting analogue of somatostatin

Inhibits release of growth hormone

36
Q

Theophylline

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Give activated charcoal in poisoning

37
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Cross linking in DNA

Haemorrhagic cystitis
Myelosuppression
TCC

38
Q

Bleomycin

A

Degrades preformed DNA

Lung fibrosis

39
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Stabilises DNA topoisomerase II complex inhibits DNA & RNA synthesis

Cardiomyopathy

40
Q

Methotrexate

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis

Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Liver fibrosis
Lung fibrosis

41
Q

Vincristine

A

Inhibits formation of microtubules

Peripheral neuropathy

42
Q

Docetaxel

A

Neutropaenia

43
Q

Cisplatin

A

Cross linking in DNA

Ototoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Low magnesium

MRCP1 (17 decks)

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