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MRCP1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Yellow-green tinge in vision

A

Digoxin

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1
Q

Blue tinge in vision

A

Sildinafil

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2
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin
Cyclosporin
Calcium channel blockers (esp. Nifedipine)

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3
Q

Varenicline

A

Nicotinic receptor partial agonist

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4
Q

Bupropion

A

Noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and nicotinic antagonist

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5
Q

Salicylate overdose

A

Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis

Haemodialysis if:
Serum concentration > 700mg/L
Metabolic acidosis resistant to treatment
Acute renal failure
Pulmonary oedema
Seizures
Coma
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6
Q

Paracetamol overdose

A

NAC
Naloxone if hypoxia or respiratory depression

Liver transplant if:
PT >100secs
Creat >300
Grade III or IV encephalopathy

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7
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A 
Hypokalaemia
MI
Hypomagnesiumaemia
Hypoalbuminaemia
Hypothermia
Hypothyroidism
Acidosis

Hypercalcaemia
Hypernatremia

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8
Q

Ethylene glycol toxicity

A

Fomepizole

Haemodialysis is refractory cases

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9
Q

Cocaine

A 
MI
HTN
QRS widening and QT prolongation
Aortic dissection
Hypertonia
Hyperreflexia
Hyperthermia
Metabolic acidosis
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10
Q

Lead poisoning

A 
Abdominal pain
Peripheral neuropathy
Fatigue
Constipation
Blue lines on gum margin

Basophilic stippling

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11
Q

Heparin

A

Activates antithrombin III

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12
Q

Adrenaline

A

Anaphylaxis: 0.5ml 1:1000 IM

Cardiac arrest 10ml 1:10000 IV / 1ml 1:1000 IV

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13
Q

Therapeutic drug monitoring

A

Phenytoin - trough levels immediately before dose

Cyclosporin - trough levels immediately before dose

Digoxin - 6hrs post dose at least

Lithium - 12hrs post dose

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14
Q

Palliative care

A

Breakthrough morphine is 1/6th daily dose of morphine

Metastatic bone pain responds to NSAIDs, bisphosphonates or radiotherapy

Codeine to morphine divide by 10
Tramadol to morphine divide by 5
Morphine to oxycodone divide by 2

PO morphine to SC diamorphine divide by 3

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15
Q

Alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist

A

Doxazosin

Used in HTN and BPH

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16
Q

Alpha 1a adrenoceptor antagonist

A

Tamsulosin

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17
Q

Beta 1 adrenoceptor antagonists

18
Q

Non selective beta adrenoceptor antagonists

A

Propranolol

19
Q

Lithium

A

Fine tremor in chronic treatment

Course tremor in acute toxicity

May lead to hypothyroidism
Thyroid and renal function to be checked every 6months

Lithium levels to be checked every 3months

Haemodialysis in severe toxicity

20
Q

Tricyclic overdose

A 
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Arrhythmias
Seizures
Metabolic acidosis

Management: IV bicarbonate

21
Q

Statins

A

Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase

Reduce cholesterol synthesis

22
Q

Beta blocker overdose

A

Atropine + glucagon

23
Q

Furosemide

A

Inhibits chloride absorption in ascending loop of henle

Hyponatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Hypocalcaemia
Hypochloraemic acidosis 
Renal impairment
Gout
Ototoxicity
24
Bendroflumethiazide
Inhibits sodium absorption at the beginning of the DCT ``` Postural hypotension Hyponatraemia Hypokalaemia Hypercalcaemia Gout Impotence ```
25
Spironolactone
Aldosterone antagonist which acts in the DCT Hyperkalaemia Gynaecomastia
26
Calcium channel blockers
Verapamil Diltiazem Nifedipine Amlodipine
27
ACEi
Cough Hyperkalaemia Renovascular disease
28
Allopurinol
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
29
HRT and combined OCP
Increased risk of breast cancer and VTE Reduced risk of colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer
30
Warfarin
Inhibits reduction of vitamin K Affects clotting factors 10, 9, 7, 2
31
Acyclovir
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
32
Cyclosporin
Reduces IL2 release Inhibits calcineurin
33
Methotrexate
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
34
Silendafil
Contraindicated by nitrates and nicorandil
35
Octreotide
Long acting analogue of somatostatin | Inhibits release of growth hormone
36
Theophylline
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Give activated charcoal in poisoning
37
Cyclophosphamide
Cross linking in DNA Haemorrhagic cystitis Myelosuppression TCC
38
Bleomycin
Degrades preformed DNA Lung fibrosis
39
Doxorubicin
Stabilises DNA topoisomerase II complex inhibits DNA & RNA synthesis Cardiomyopathy
40
Methotrexate
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis Myelosuppression Mucositis Liver fibrosis Lung fibrosis
41
Vincristine
Inhibits formation of microtubules Peripheral neuropathy
42
Docetaxel
Neutropaenia
43
Cisplatin
Cross linking in DNA Ototoxicity Peripheral neuropathy Low magnesium

MRCP1 (17 decks)

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