Pharmacology

Question 1

Tissue Group Composition
Body Mass %
Cardiac Output %

Answer 1

Vessel-Rich

• Brain, heart, liver, kidney, endocrine glands
• 10% BM
• 75% CO

Muscle

• Muscle, skin
• 50% BM
• 20% CO

Fat

• Fat
• 20% BM
• 5% CO

Vessel-Poor

• Bone, ligament, cartilage
• 20% BM
• 0% CO

Question 2

Metabolic Biotransformation Phases

Answer 2

-Phase I reactions convert a parent compound into more polar metabolites through oxidation,
reduction, or hydrolysis.

• Phase II reactions couple (conjugate) a parent drug or a phase I metabolite with an endogenous substrate (eg, glucuronic acid) to form water-soluble metabolites that can be eliminated in the urine or stool.
• Although this is usually a sequential process, phase I metabolites may be excreted without undergoing phase II biotransformation, and a phase II reaction can precede or occur without a phase I reaction.