Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Three blocks and nerves for FOI
A
- Anterior tonsillar pillar (at the base): glossopharyngeal (only the tonsillar, lingual, and pharyngeal branches, not the whole nerve)
- Inferior aspect of greater cornu of hyoid bone: INTERNAL branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
- Transtracheal: recurrent laryngeal (spares motor)
2
Q
Innervation of airway, proximal to distal
A
- Anterior tongue- trigeminal, mandibular branch (V3)
- Posterior tongue- glossopharyngeal (IX)
- Soft palate- IX
- Oropharynx- IX
- Hypopharynx (oropharynx below level of epiglottis)- internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (vagus, X)
- Vocal cords- both internal branch of SLN and recurrent laryngeal (X)
- Larynx (blow vocal cords but above trachea)- RL
- Trachea- RL
3
Q
Superior laryngeal nerve braches
A
- Internal: sensory to hypopharynx and vocal cords
- External: motor to cricothyroid muscle (elongates cords allowing for higher pitch)
- only motor to cords not supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve
4
Q
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
-Unilateral v bilateral blockade
A
- sensory to underside of vocal cords, larynx and trachea
- motor to glottis (except cricothyroid m. supplied by external branch of SLN)
- unilateral blockade: partial adduction of affect cord, resulting in hoarseness
- bilateral blockade: bilateral partial adduction of vocal cords, resulting in stridor and possible airway obstruction
5
Q
Muscles of vocal cords
A
- One abductor: posterior cricoarytenoid
- One tensor: cricothyroid (ext. branch of SLN, only one RL)
- 3 adductors
6
Q
- Most sensitive indicator for difficult intubation
- Most specific indicator for difficult intubation
A
- Mallampati class III or IV (also least specific)
- Thyromental distance
7
Q
Narrowest portion of airway in adults and neonates
A
Adults: glottis opening
Neonates: cricoid cartilage
8
Q
RUL broncus takeoff relative to carina
A
2 cm below carina
9
Q
Type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes
A
Type 1
- thin walled epithelial cells
- primarily involved in gas exchange
- cannot differentiate
Type 2
- small cells
- produce surfactant
- differentiate into type 1 pneumocytes
- far more numerous than type 1 pneumocytes
10
Q
T1-4
A
- Cardioaccelerator fibers
- travel up through stellate ganglion first before coursing o the heart
- also provide sympathetic innervation to the lungs (bronchodilation)
11
Q
Heart walls and blood supply
- anteroseptal
- inferoseptal
- inferior
- inferolateral
- anterolateral
- anterior
A
- anteroseptal: LAD
- inferoseptal: RCA & LAD
- inferior: RCA
- inferolateral: RCA & LCx
- anterolateral: LCx
- anterior: LAD
12
Q
Aortic Dissection Tissue Layers
A
-blood penetrates the intimate and creates a false lumen inside the media layer
13
Q
Subclavian artery and vein anatomy
A
- vein runs anterior to the artery
- vein courses anterior to the anterior scalene
- artery courses between the anterior and middle scalenes
- both course over (superior to) the 1st rib and enter the thorax
- all central veins are deep to SCM
14
Q
Spinal Cord Blood Supply
A
- 1 anterior spinal artery and 2 paired posterior spinal arteries
- superior origins of ASA and PSAs are the vertebral arteries
- upper thorax: ASA mostly supplied from posterior intercostal arteries
- lumbar and sacral cord: ASA supplied by Artery of Adamkiewicz, which arises from a single posterior intercostal artery, usually between T8 and L1 and most often on the left side
15
Q
Vertebral level at superior aspect of iliac crest
A
L4
