Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

SGA的迷思有哪兩種?

A
  1. 對正姓症狀比FGA有效(錯!)

2. 對負姓症狀比FGA有效(錯!)

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2
Q

SGA優於FGA之處?

A

EPS較少,包括tardive dyskinesia

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3
Q

抗精神藥物作用在哪幾種pathway?

A
  1. mesolimbic pathway: 正性
  2. methocortical pathway:負性
  3. substantia nigra pathway:EPS
  4. tuberloinfundibular pathway:prolactinemia
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4
Q

FGA之中高效價及低效價藥物各舉一個?

A
  1. 高:Haloperidol

2. 低:Sulpiride

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5
Q

哪個SGA在高劑量時仍會造成EPS?

A

Risperidone (吹口哨的人嘴巴狂動)

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6
Q

哪兩個非典型藥物最不會造成EPS,所以適合治療有巴金森之精神病患者?

A
  1. Clozapine
  2. Quetizapine
    (嘴巴最不會動的是安靜的克魯茲)
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7
Q

哪兩種SGA也會造成泌乳激素過高?

A
  1. Risperidone

2. Paliperidone (Invega)

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8
Q

acute dystonia 要給予何種藥治療?機制為何?

A

biperin(anticholinergic,Ach會和dopamine抗衡)

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9
Q

parkinosism 要給予何種藥治療?機制為何?

A

amantadine(刺激dopamine release)

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10
Q

akathesia 要給予何種藥治療?

A

propanolol (Inderal), BZD

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11
Q

高效價FGA(ex: Haldol)可能發生最嚴重的副作用為何?表現?處理方式?

A
  1. neuroleptic malignant syndrome
  2. 肌肉崩解(肌肉僵硬、肌紅蛋白尿、CPK增加、急性腎衰竭)、發燒、白血球增加、delirium。火燒成灰,骨灰崩解,亂吼亂叫
  3. 停藥,降溫(輸液、退燒藥),給藥(Dantrolene or Bromocriptine)
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12
Q

打Haldol之前要注意哪兩種情形?

A
  1. 有沒有可能QT prolong(低血鉀、低血鎂、bradycardia、合併用藥、甲狀腺低下),若有疑慮先做張EKG
  2. dementia-related psychosis(old age),老人真要打就只打半隻
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13
Q

Haldol可以怎麼打?

A

5-10 mg IM,可每小時重覆使用,每天最高劑量

60 mg /天。通常一隻藥效可維持八小時。

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14
Q

打Zyprexa之前要注意什麼?

A

對於非由mania or schizophrenia 引起的激動不安或混亂行為,治療效果未知。

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