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NUR 170 Exam 2 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

Perfusion Therapies

1
Q

Reduces fluid volume in the vessels.

A
  • Diurectics
  1. furosimide (Lasix)
  2. Hydrochlorithiazide
  3. Bumetanide
  4. Triamterene
  5. Spironolactone
  6. Metolazone

~Considerations:

  1. Monitor Serum Electolyte Levels
  2. Weight
  3. Hydration Status
  4. Monitor Breath Sounds
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2
Q

Blocks a potent natural vasoconstrictor, Angiotensin II

A

ACE Inhibitors & Angiotensin Inhibitors

  • Benazepril
  • Captopril
  • Lisinopril
  • Losartan
  • Valsartan
  • Considerations
  1. Vital sign changes
  2. First dose may cause severe hypotension, monitor BP
  3. BP if given intravenously (IV) and with any changes in LOC
  4. Assess for angioedema (life threatning)
  5. Monitor CBC for Neutropenia or agranulocytosis
    6.
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3
Q

Contain a diuretic, usually a potassium-sparing diuretic, and another class of drugs such as adrenergic agents or ACE Inhibitors.

A

Combination Drugs

  • ** **Hydochlorithiazide combos:
  1. Propranolol
  2. Metoprolol
  3. Timolol
  4. Bisoprolol

~Considerations:

  1. Serum Electrolyte Levels
  2. weight
  3. breath sounds
  4. hydration status
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4
Q

Cause dilation of blood vessels

A

Vasodilators

  • Diazoxide
  • hydralazine
  • minoxidil
  • nitroprusside

Considerations:

  • may produce reflex tachycardia
  • may produce angina in pt. with Coronary Artery Disease
  • monitor Na & H2O retention
  • Nitroprussides
  1. Drug of choice for hypertensive emergency
  2. Avoid dropping BP too quickly
  3. Metabolizes to cyanide, careful monitoring required
    4.
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5
Q

Blocks beta1 -adrenergic receptors in heart

Blocks alpha1 -adrenergic receptors in arterioles

Stimulates alpha2 receptors in brainstem and/or blocking peripheral adrenergic neurons.

A

Adrenergic Antagonist

  • beta-blockers: atenolol, metoprolol
  • alpha1 -antagonist: doxazosin, prazosin
  • alpha2 -antagonist: clonidine, methyldopa
  • adrenergic neuron blockers: guanadrel, resperine

Considerations:

  • Vital signs
  • Hold med. if HR< 60 bpm or BP< 90/60mm Hg
  • Use care ambulating, monitoring for othrostatic hypertension
  • Monitor diabetics for hypoglycemia
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6
Q

Calcium-Channel Blockers

A

Treats angina, dysrythmias, & hypertension, reducing calcium, muscular contractility, peripheral vascular resistance, & BP

  • Nifedipine
  • Verapamil
  • Diltiazem

Considerations:

  • Obtain baseline ECG, HR, & BP before starting meds
  • Educate importance of daily BP log & compliance
  • Contraindictated in pt. with third-degree block of sick sinus syndrome
  • Tachycardia & Hypotension if IV
  • Patient should avoid grapefruit juice
    *
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7
Q

Prehypertension

A

120-139mm Hg Systolic

or

80-89mm Hg Diastolic

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8
Q

Hypertension

A

Stage 1: 140-159mm Hg Sysyolic or 90-99mm Hg Diastolic

Stage 2: >/= 160 Systolic or >/= 100mm Hg Diastolic

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9
Q

enotes the average pressure in the arterial circulation throughout the cardiac cycle

A

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

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10
Q

the force exerted against the walls of the arteries by the blood as its pumped from the heart

A

Blood Pressure

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11
Q

Factors that influence BP

A
  • Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Stimulation
  • Circulating Epinephrine & noreponephrin
  • Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System-responds to renal perfusion
  • Local Factors
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12
Q

Systolic Pressure > 180 mm Hg

Diastolic Pressure> 120 mm Hg

A

Hypertension Emergency

  • immediate treatment (within 1 hour)
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13
Q

List some Modifiable Risk Factors for Hypertension

A
  1. High Na intake
  2. Low Potassium, Calcium, & Mg intake
  3. Obesity
  4. Excess alcohol consumption
  5. Insulin resistance
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14
Q

List some Nonmodifiable Risk Factors for Hypertension

A
  • Genetic Factos
  • Age
  • Family History
  • Race
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15
Q

Hypertension Crisis

A

Manifestations

  • Rapid onset
  • Blurred Vision
  • Papilledema
  • 180/120 mm Hg
  • Headache, confusion, motor & semsory deficits

** Interventions:**

  1. ** **Administer medication: vasodilators, calcium-blockers,
  2. BP lowered gradually with constant monitoring
  3. Reduce pt. anxiety

1.

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16
Q

Stoke

A
  • Sudden onset of loss of sensation and/or movement: maybe hemiplegia, hemiparesis, sensory loss of vision, hearing, taste, touch, proprioception, or smell

Interventions:

  1. ** **Monitor LOC
  2. Administer meds.- anticoagulants, thrombolytics, corticosteroids, or antihypertensives
  3. Prepare for surgery
  4. Reduce pt. ICP to prevent further damage.
    5.
17
Q
A

NUR 170 Exam 2 (4 decks)

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