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EMR > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

ASA Class

A

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor

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1
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid Trade Name

A

Aspirin

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2
Q

ASA Mechanism of Action 1

A

Impedes clotting action and platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activation. Blocks formation of thromboxane A2. Effects last the life of each platelet.

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3
Q

ASA Mechanism of Action 2

A

Has anti-pyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

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4
Q

ASA Indications

A

Recent onset of ischemic chest pain suggestive of AMI.

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5
Q

ASA Contraindications 1

A

Hypersensitivity: Severe allergy
Bleeding disorders (hemophilia, Von willebrand’s)
Unconsciousness

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6
Q

ASA Contraindications 2

A

Active Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleed
Children under the age of 14 increases the risk of Reye’s Syndrome
Asthmatic with previous sensitivity to ASA or NSAIDS

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7
Q

ASA Precautions/Interactions 1

A

Impaired renal and hepatic function

May produce bronchoconstrictions in asthmatics

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8
Q

ASA Precautions/Interactions 2

A

Pregnancy

Children and adolescents with influenza or chickenpox infection (increase risk Reye’s Syndrome)

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9
Q

ASA Precautions/Interactions 3

A

Symptoms are encephalopathy

May interact with warfarin (Coumadin) and other anti-coagulants and cause bleeding.

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10
Q

ASA Adverse Effects

A

Nausea and Vomiting, Heartburn, Bronchospasms, Bleeding, Urticaria

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11
Q

ASA Dosage

A

160 mg po; chew tablet before swallowing.

Given even if patient has taken own.

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12
Q

ASA Supplied

A

80 mg and 325 mg tablets are common

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13
Q

Epinephrine Trade Name

A

Adrenalin

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14
Q

Epi Class

A

Sympathomimetic, Adreneric

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15
Q

Epi Mechanism of Action 1

A

Directly stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

Epi Mechanism of Action 2

A

Bronchodilator and inhibits histamine release

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17
Q

Epi Mechanism of Action 3

A

CV and vasopressor: produces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects; increasing cardiac output, myocardial oxygen consumption and force of contraction

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18
Q

Epi Mechanism of Action 4

A

Vasodilation and vasoconstriction in anaphylaxis it restabilizes the mast cells

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19
Q

Epi Indications

A

Anaphylaxis

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20
Q

Epi Contraindications

A

None in anaphylactic shock

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21
Q

Epi precautions

A

Use with caution with pre-existing cardiac problems. Pt must be monitored.

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22
Q

Epi Adverse Effects

A

Palpations, angina, dysrythmias, N&V, headache, nervousness

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23
Q

Epi Pen Dosage

A

Epipen - 0.3 mg (pt over 66 lbs/30 kg)

Epipen Jr. - 0.15 mg (pt between 33lbs/15 kg and 66 lbs/30kg)

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24
Q

Epi Adult Dosage

A

0.3 mg (1:1000) IM q 5-10 minutes prn

25
Q

Epi Pediatric Dosage

A

0.1 mg/kg IM/SQ (do not exceed 0.3 mg)

26
Q

Epi Supplied

A

1:1000 multi-dose vials 30mg/30ml; 1:1000 ampule 1 mg/ml

27
Q

Glucose Oral Trade Name

A

Glucola, Intsa-glucose

28
Q

Glucose Class

A

Hyperglycaemic Agent

29
Q

Glucose Mechanism of Action

A

Provides a quickly absorbed form of glucose to increase blood glucose levels.

30
Q

Glucose Indications

A

Conscious patient with suspected hypoglycaemia and an intact gag reflex.

31
Q

Glucose Contraindications

A

Decrease level of consciousness (no gag reflex)

Hyperglycaemia

32
Q

Glucose Precations/Interactions

A

N&V

33
Q

Glucose Adverse Effects

A

N&V

34
Q

Glucose Dosage

A

Adult/Prediatric: 25g administered slowly until improvement is noted.

35
Q

Glucose Supplied

A

25 g Gel Paste: Chewable Tabs in various volumes (25 g)

36
Q

Salbutamol Trade Name

A

Ventolin

37
Q

Salbutamol Class

A

Bronchodilator

38
Q

Salbutamol Mechanism of Action 1

A

Selectively stimulates beta-adrenergic receptions of the lungs, uterus, and vascular smooth muscle.

39
Q

Salbutamol Mechanism of Action 2

A

Bronchodilation results from relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, which relieves bronchspasms and reduces airway resistance.

40
Q

Salbutamol Mechanism of Action 3

A

Higher doses will drive serum potassium (k+) into the cells

41
Q

Salbutamol Indications 1

A

Bronchospasms due to bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other chronic bronchopulmonary disorders

42
Q

Salbutamol Indications 2

A

Respiratory distress with Bronchospasms

43
Q

Salbutamol Precautions/Interactions 1

A

Use with caution in tachycardias
Should not be used with pt presenting acute heart failure
Cardiovascular disease - cardiac dysrythmias, hypertension

44
Q

Salbutamol Precautions/Interactions 2

A

Diabetes mellitus - risk of drug induced hyperglycaemia

Hypokalmia - risk further reducing serum potassium levels and possible adverse cardiovascular events

45
Q

Salbutamol Adverse Effects

A

Tachycardia, palpitations, dizziness, headache, angina, anxiety

46
Q

Salbutamol Adult Dosage

A

Adult: 2.5 - 5.0 mg nebula - repeat q 10 minutes prn

MDI minimum 6 puff max 20

47
Q

Salbutamol Paediatric Dosage

A

0.15 mg/kg diluted to 2.5 ml saline via nebulizer
Or 20kg give 2.5 - 5.0 mg
MDI paediatrics minimum 2 puffs, max 10

48
Q

Salbutamol Supplied

A

2.5 mg in 2.5 ml plastic ampules
MDI 100 ug/puff
Combivent (Ventolin 2.5 mg/Atrovent 500 mcg)

49
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Trade Name

A

Atrovent

50
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Class

A

Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator

51
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Mechanism of Action 1

A

Inhibits cholinergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscles, resulting in decreased concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP).

52
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Mechanism of Action 2

A

Decreased levels of cyclic GMP produce local, not systemic, bronchodilation .

53
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Indications

A

Bronchospasm from asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema

54
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Contraindications

A

Atropine, aerosol propellants, pt with soy or peanut allergies

55
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Precations/Indications 1

A

Use with caution with patients with narrow angle glaucoma, prostatic hertophy, urinary retention.
Hypersensitivity to soy lecithin or related food products.

56
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Precations/Indications 2

A

Patients with narrow angle glaucoma.

Be careful to avoid accidental release in to eyes (use mouth price neb if possible).

57
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Adverse Effects

A

Dry mouth, vomiting, palpitations, headache, tremor, cough, flushing, dizziness

58
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Adult Dosage

A

250-500 mcg via nebulizer with salbutamol mixed. Repeat up to two times if necessary.
Note: Normally only 1-2 doses in other conditions (eg. Emphysema, chronic bronchitis)
Combivent: 2.5-5.0 ml nebule - q 10 minutes prn
MDI: minimum 1-4 puffs prn, max 10
(Take after salbutamol, ipratropium bromide has a much slower onset of action.)

59
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Paediatric Dosage

A

Ages 5-11
25-250 mcg via nebulizer with salbutamol mixed, repeat up to two times if necessary
MDI minimum two puff prn, max 4

60
Q

Ipratropium Bromide Supplied

A

Unit dose vials are available in the following doses:

125 mcg/ml, 250 mcg/ml, 500 mcg/mg

EMR (5 decks)

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