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Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

ASA Class

A

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor

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1
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid Trade Name

A

Aspirin

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2
Q

ASA Mechanism of Action 1

A

Impedes clotting action and platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activation. Blocks formation of thromboxane A2. Effects last the life of each platelet.

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3
Q

ASA Mechanism of Action 2

A

Has anti-pyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

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4
Q

ASA Indications

A

Recent onset of ischemic chest pain suggestive of AMI.

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5
Q

ASA Contraindications 1

A

Hypersensitivity: Severe allergy
Bleeding disorders (hemophilia, Von willebrand’s)
Unconsciousness

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6
Q

ASA Contraindications 2

A

Active Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleed
Children under the age of 14 increases the risk of Reye’s Syndrome
Asthmatic with previous sensitivity to ASA or NSAIDS

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7
Q

ASA Precautions/Interactions 1

A

Impaired renal and hepatic function

May produce bronchoconstrictions in asthmatics

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8
Q

ASA Precautions/Interactions 2

A

Pregnancy

Children and adolescents with influenza or chickenpox infection (increase risk Reye’s Syndrome)

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9
Q

ASA Precautions/Interactions 3

A

Symptoms are encephalopathy

May interact with warfarin (Coumadin) and other anti-coagulants and cause bleeding.

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10
Q

ASA Adverse Effects

A

Nausea and Vomiting, Heartburn, Bronchospasms, Bleeding, Urticaria

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11
Q

ASA Dosage

A

160 mg po; chew tablet before swallowing.

Given even if patient has taken own.

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12
Q

ASA Supplied

A

80 mg and 325 mg tablets are common

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13
Q

Epinephrine Trade Name

A

Adrenalin

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14
Q

Epi Class

A

Sympathomimetic, Adreneric

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15
Q

Epi Mechanism of Action 1

A

Directly stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

Epi Mechanism of Action 2

A

Bronchodilator and inhibits histamine release

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17
Q

Epi Mechanism of Action 3

A

CV and vasopressor: produces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects; increasing cardiac output, myocardial oxygen consumption and force of contraction

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18
Q

Epi Mechanism of Action 4

A

Vasodilation and vasoconstriction in anaphylaxis it restabilizes the mast cells

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19
Q

Epi Indications

A

Anaphylaxis

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20
Q

Epi Contraindications

A

None in anaphylactic shock

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21
Q

Epi precautions

A

Use with caution with pre-existing cardiac problems. Pt must be monitored.

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22
Q

Epi Adverse Effects

A

Palpations, angina, dysrythmias, N&V, headache, nervousness

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23
Q

Epi Pen Dosage

A

Epipen - 0.3 mg (pt over 66 lbs/30 kg)

Epipen Jr. - 0.15 mg (pt between 33lbs/15 kg and 66 lbs/30kg)

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24
Epi Adult Dosage
0.3 mg (1:1000) IM q 5-10 minutes prn
25
Epi Pediatric Dosage
0.1 mg/kg IM/SQ (do not exceed 0.3 mg)
26
Epi Supplied
1:1000 multi-dose vials 30mg/30ml; 1:1000 ampule 1 mg/ml
27
Glucose Oral Trade Name
Glucola, Intsa-glucose
28
Glucose Class
Hyperglycaemic Agent
29
Glucose Mechanism of Action
Provides a quickly absorbed form of glucose to increase blood glucose levels.
30
Glucose Indications
Conscious patient with suspected hypoglycaemia and an intact gag reflex.
31
Glucose Contraindications
Decrease level of consciousness (no gag reflex) | Hyperglycaemia
32
Glucose Precations/Interactions
N&V
33
Glucose Adverse Effects
N&V
34
Glucose Dosage
Adult/Prediatric: 25g administered slowly until improvement is noted.
35
Glucose Supplied
25 g Gel Paste: Chewable Tabs in various volumes (25 g)
36
Salbutamol Trade Name
Ventolin
37
Salbutamol Class
Bronchodilator
38
Salbutamol Mechanism of Action 1
Selectively stimulates beta-adrenergic receptions of the lungs, uterus, and vascular smooth muscle.
39
Salbutamol Mechanism of Action 2
Bronchodilation results from relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, which relieves bronchspasms and reduces airway resistance.
40
Salbutamol Mechanism of Action 3
Higher doses will drive serum potassium (k+) into the cells
41
Salbutamol Indications 1
Bronchospasms due to bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other chronic bronchopulmonary disorders
42
Salbutamol Indications 2
Respiratory distress with Bronchospasms
43
Salbutamol Precautions/Interactions 1
Use with caution in tachycardias Should not be used with pt presenting acute heart failure Cardiovascular disease - cardiac dysrythmias, hypertension
44
Salbutamol Precautions/Interactions 2
Diabetes mellitus - risk of drug induced hyperglycaemia | Hypokalmia - risk further reducing serum potassium levels and possible adverse cardiovascular events
45
Salbutamol Adverse Effects
Tachycardia, palpitations, dizziness, headache, angina, anxiety
46
Salbutamol Adult Dosage
Adult: 2.5 - 5.0 mg nebula - repeat q 10 minutes prn | MDI minimum 6 puff max 20
47
Salbutamol Paediatric Dosage
0.15 mg/kg diluted to 2.5 ml saline via nebulizer Or 20kg give 2.5 - 5.0 mg MDI paediatrics minimum 2 puffs, max 10
48
Salbutamol Supplied
2.5 mg in 2.5 ml plastic ampules MDI 100 ug/puff Combivent (Ventolin 2.5 mg/Atrovent 500 mcg)
49
Ipratropium Bromide Trade Name
Atrovent
50
Ipratropium Bromide Class
Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator
51
Ipratropium Bromide Mechanism of Action 1
Inhibits cholinergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscles, resulting in decreased concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP).
52
Ipratropium Bromide Mechanism of Action 2
Decreased levels of cyclic GMP produce local, not systemic, bronchodilation .
53
Ipratropium Bromide Indications
Bronchospasm from asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
54
Ipratropium Bromide Contraindications
Atropine, aerosol propellants, pt with soy or peanut allergies
55
Ipratropium Bromide Precations/Indications 1
Use with caution with patients with narrow angle glaucoma, prostatic hertophy, urinary retention. Hypersensitivity to soy lecithin or related food products.
56
Ipratropium Bromide Precations/Indications 2
Patients with narrow angle glaucoma. | Be careful to avoid accidental release in to eyes (use mouth price neb if possible).
57
Ipratropium Bromide Adverse Effects
Dry mouth, vomiting, palpitations, headache, tremor, cough, flushing, dizziness
58
Ipratropium Bromide Adult Dosage
250-500 mcg via nebulizer with salbutamol mixed. Repeat up to two times if necessary. Note: Normally only 1-2 doses in other conditions (eg. Emphysema, chronic bronchitis) Combivent: 2.5-5.0 ml nebule - q 10 minutes prn MDI: minimum 1-4 puffs prn, max 10 (Take after salbutamol, ipratropium bromide has a much slower onset of action.)
59
Ipratropium Bromide Paediatric Dosage
Ages 5-11 25-250 mcg via nebulizer with salbutamol mixed, repeat up to two times if necessary MDI minimum two puff prn, max 4
60
Ipratropium Bromide Supplied
Unit dose vials are available in the following doses: | 125 mcg/ml, 250 mcg/ml, 500 mcg/mg

EMR (5 decks)

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