Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pulmonology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Cholinergic innervation of respiratory tract

A

Provide predominant neuronal tone to respiratory tract

Activation of muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine produces bronchoconstriction of smooth muscle, increases in respiratory glandular secretions, and dilation of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Role of B-2 receptors in respiratory tract

A

Primarily found on bronchial smooth muscle

Stimulation of B2-adrenergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle causes bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Role of alpha-1 receptors in respiratory tract

A

Primarily found on respiratory vascular smooth muscle

Stimulation causes vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Role of leukotriene receptors in respiratory tract

A

Stimulation of leukotriene receptors on bronchial smooth muscle causes bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Role of histamine receptors in respiratory tract

A

Stimulation of Histamine H1 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle causes bronchoconstriction

Stimulation of H1 receptors on bronchial vasculature causes vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pharmacodynamics of first generation H1 blockers

A

Primarily block H1 channels

Secondary effect in blocking cholinergic and alpha adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Effects of alpha-adrenergic channel blockade

A

Hypotension
Dizziness
Reflex Tachycardia

CNS sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effects of cholinergic blockade

A

Dry mouth
Urinary retention
Sinus tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which first generation H1 blocker also blocks a-adrenergic receptors?

A

Promethazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which 1st generation H1 blockers (2) also block cholinergic receptors?

A

Diphenhydramine

Promethazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

First generation antihistamines (4)

A

Diphenhydramine
Promethazine
Chlorpheniramine
Meclizine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2nd generation anti-histamines (3)

A

Fexofenadine
Loratadine
Cetirizine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pharmacokinetics of first generation anti-histamines

A

Rapid oral absorption
Penetrate rapidly into CNS
Metabolized by liver
Shorter duration of action (4-8 hrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pharmacokinetics of second generation anti-histamines

A

Rapid oral absorption
Less penetration into CNS
Metabolized by liver
Longer duration of action (12-24 hour dosing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical uses of anti-histamines

A

Allergic reactions (H1 receptor block)

Cough suppression (Na+ channel block)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Side effects of anti-histamines

A

Sedation
Dry mouth (anti-cholinergic)
Hypotension (anti-alpha adrenergic)

17
Q

Topical decongestants (3)

A

Phenylephrine
Oxymetazoline
Xylometazoline

18
Q

Decongestant (sympathomimetic) mechanism

A

Stimulate alpha-1 adrenergic receptors on vascular smooth muscle, resulting in vasoconstriction of vessels dilated by histamine or inflammatory response; promotes drainage and decreases congestion

19
Q

Decongestants side effects - topical vs. oral

A

Rebound congestion (associated with topicals)

Vasoconstriction in other vascular beds can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, hypertension (orals only)

20
Q

Oral decongestant agents (2)

A

Pseudoephedrine - safest & most effective

Phenylephrine

21
Q

Antitussives - endogenous opiate agonists (3) and mechanism

A

Codeine
Hydrocodone
Dextromethorphan

Act on endogenous opioid receptors to depress central cough center in brain stem

22
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

OTC opiate agonist - does not produce respiratory depression or tolerance

Most commonly used OTC cough suppressant

23
Q

Guaifenesin - Mechanism

A

OTC expectorant

Stimulates respiratory tract secretions, decreasing viscosity of mucus and improving mucociliary mechanism of airway clearance

Likely not more effective than fluids, cool mist, or steam

24
Q

N-acetyl cysteine - Mechanism

A

Mucolytic agent

Splits disfulfide bridges between mucoproteins, resulting in decreased viscosity of mucus secretions

Administered via inhalation

25
Q

Endothelin Blockers for PAH

A

Bosentan
Ambrisentan
Macitentan

26
Q

PDE5 inhibitors for PAH

A

Sildenafil

Tadalafil

27
Q

Riociguat

A

Stimulates soluble guanalyl cyclase to produce cGMP, mediating vasodilation of the pulmonary vasculature

28
Q

Prostacyclins for PAH treatment

A

Epoprostenol - IV only

Iloprost - inhalation only

Trepostinil - IV, SC, inhalation, or oral

Pulmonology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions