Immune Mechanisms of the Lung

Question 1

Normal cell differential of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

Answer 1

90-95% Macrophages

<1% Neutrophils

Question 2

Role of resident macrophages

Answer 2

Express TLRs
Phagocytosis of inhaled particulates and apoptotic cells
Expression of pathogenic peptides on MHCII
Transport particles to lymph nodes
Clearing of alveolar surfactant

Question 3

Bronchoalveolar lavage in granulomatous disease

Answer 3

Dramatic increase in number of CD4/CD8 T cells

Increased CD4:CD8 ratio

Question 4

Kartagener’s Syndrome

Answer 4

Autosomal recessive defect in dynein arms of cilia

Characterized by sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and infertility