Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AGACNP > Pharmacology 2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretics: Types (4)

A

Thiazide
K-sparing
Loop
Mannitol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thiazide diuretics: Names, usage, contraindication

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), Chlorthalidone, Indapamide (Lozol)
Usage: HF, HTN, edema
Contraindication: sulfa allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thiazide diuretics: Adverse effects

A

Increases plasma glucose/hyperglycemia
Increases cholesterol and LDL
Increases uric acid –> may precipitate a gout attack
Hypokalemia (severe muscle weakness, arrhythmias)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Loop diuretics: Name, usage, contraindication

A

Name: Furosemide (Lasix), Bumetanide (Bumex)
Usage: Edema from HR, cirrhosis, renal Dz, and HTN
* More potent than thiazides but shorter duration of action
Contraindication: sulfa allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Loop diuretics: Adverse effects

A
  • Elytes disturbance
  • Hypovolemia and HoTN
  • Pancreatitis, jaundice, rash
  • Ototoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HTN drugs (other than diuretics): Types (5)

A 
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Ca channel blockers
Alpha-blockers
Beta-blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Beta-blockers: Usage

A

HTN, post-MI, angina, arrhythmias, migraine prophylaxis

Preferred for angina pectoris, postacute MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nonselective beta-blockers: Names (3)

A
  • it blocks both Beta-1 and -2
    Propranolol
    Carvedilol (Coreg)
    Timolol (Blocarden)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cardioselective beta-blockers: Names (2)

A

*It blocks beta-1 which are found mainly in the heart. Thus more potent
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beta-blockers: Contraindications

A

Pts w/ chronic lung Dz (asthma, COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema), bradycardia and atrioventricular block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Beta-blockers: Adverse effects

A

Bronchospasm (blocks beta-2 receptors in the lungs)
Bradycardia (blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart)
Depression, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, HF, blunts hypoglycemic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARBs: Usage

A

HTN, diabetes, CKD, post-MI, HF

Preferred agents for Pts w/ HFrEF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ACEI: Names (5)

A 
Name ends w/ -pril
Ramipril (Altace)
Lisinopril (Zestril)
Benazepril (Lotensin)
Captopril (Capoten)
Enalapril (Vasotec)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ARBs: Names

A 
Name ends with -sartan
Losartan (Cozaar)
Irbesartan (Avapro)
Candesartan (Atacand)
Valsartan (Diovan)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ACEIs and ARBs: Adverse effects

A 
Hyperkalemia
Dry cough (ACEI only)
ACEI is Category C (1st trimester) and category D (2nd - 3rd trimester) --> discontinue ACEI immediately if Pt is pregnant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ca channel blockers (CCBs): Usage

A

HTN, angina, arrhythmias, Raynaud’s phenomenon (1st line)

17
Q

CCBs: Names

A

Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Verapamil (Calan)

18
Q

CCBs: Contraindications

A

AV block (2nd - 3rd degree block)
Bradycardia
CHF

19
Q

CCBs: Adverse effects

A 
Headache (vasodilation)
Peripheral edema
Bradycardia
HF and heart block
HoTN, QT prolongation
Constipation (most common)
20
Q

Alpha-blockers: Adverse effects

A

Orthostatic HoTN
Dizziness, syncope
Do not use during cataract/glaucoma surgery (floppy iris syndrome)

21
Q

Oxymetazoline Nasal Spray (Afrin) and Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine): Key points

A
  • Topical nasal decongenstants
  • Short-term use of topical nasal decongestants (BID PRN x 3 days) is considered safe treatment for nasal congestion (common cold, allergic rhinitis)
  • Rhinitis medicamentosa is due to chronic use (>3 days) of nasal decongestants
22
Q

Antihistamines: Names

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl),
Loratadine (Claritin)
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

23
Q

Antihistamines: Considerations for elderly pts

A
  • Avoid using diphenhydramine (Benadryl) in the elderly, if possible
  • For elderly patients, use loratadine (Claritin) because it has a lower incidence of sedation
24
Q

Cetirizine (Zyrtec): Key points

A
  • Zyrtec is more potent and long acting than other antihistamines.
  • It is very effective for acute and chronic urticaria
25
Q

Decongestants: Names

A

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine

26
Q

Antitussives: Names

A
  • Dextromethorphan (Robitussin, Delsym)

- Benzonatate (Tessalon)

27
Q

Dextromethorphan: Contraindication

A
  • Contraindicated within 14 days of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and selegiline (Eldepryl)
28
Q

Mucolytics: Names

A
  • Guaifenesin

- H2O

29
Q

Decongestants: Contraindication

A

HTN, CAD (angina, MI)

30
Q

Decongestants: Pts advise

A

Mixing decongestants with other stimulants (caffeine, Ritalin, albuterol inhaler) will cause heart palpitations, tremors, and anxiety

31
Q

OTC NSAIDs: Names

A

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

Naproxen (Aleve)

32
Q

RX NSAIDs: Names

A
  • Naproxen (Naprosyn, Anaprox), diclofenac (Voltaren) oral and topical gel
  • Indomethacin (Indocin), ketoprofen (Orudis), ketorolac (Toradol)
  • Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors: Celecoxib (Celebrex)
33
Q

NSAIDs: Warnings

A
  • NSAIDs should be avoided in HF, severe heart disease, GI bleeding, severe renal disease and during the past 3 months of pregnancy
  • Patients with nasal polyps and asthma can be sensitive to aspirin/NSAIDs
  • Ketorolac (Toradol) IM, IV, or tablets are for short-term use only (up to 5 days)
34
Q

NSAIDs: Contraindications

A
  • Ketorolac should not be used before surgery, with concurrent acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), pediatric patients, active or recent GI bleed, stroke, labor/delivery, and others.
35
Q

Salicylates: Names

A

Aspirin (Bayers)

36
Q

Drugs that require eye examination: 8 drugs

A
  • Digoxin (yellow to green vision, blurred vision, halos if blood level too high)
  • Ethambutol and linezolid (optic neuropathy)
  • Corticosteroids (cataracts, glaucoma, optic neuritis)
  • Fluoroquinolones (retinal detachment)
  • Viagra, Cialis, Levitra (cataracts, blurred vision, ischemic optic neuropathy, others)
  • Accutane (cataracts, decreased night vision, others)
  • Topamax (acute angle-closure glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, mydriasis)
  • Plaquenil (neuropathy and permanent loss of vision)
37
Q

Drugs that require tapering: 8 drugs

A
  • Beta-blockers (rebound hypertension or hypertensive crisis)
  • Benzodiazepines (severe anxiety, insomnia, seizures, tremors)
  • Oral steroids
  • Anticonvulsants (seizures)
  • Paroxetine or Paxil
  • Antiarrhythmics (refer to cardiologists)
  • Antipsychotics and many others
  • Digoxin
38
Q

Theophylline level in adult

A

5-15 mcg/mL

39
Q

Theophylline: Drug Interactions

A
  • Drug interactions (cimetidine, alprazolam, macrolides, fluvoxamine, others)
  • Avoid combining with other stimulants (theophylline, pseudoephedrine, caffeine, Ritalin)

AGACNP (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions