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Non Medical Prescribing > Pharmacology 2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Is ADME Pharmacodynamics or Pharmacokinetics?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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2
Q

Explain Absorption

A

Route of Administration passes into blood stream via the stomach. PH will effect rate of absorption

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3
Q

Explain Distribution

A

Where the drug is needed many drugs are protein bound so will bind to other proteins

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4
Q

What are cell membranes

A

Lipids

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5
Q

Explain excretion of drugs and where it occurs?

A

Kidneys. If not excreted they can cause rise in toxic levels

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6
Q

Where does metabolism occur? How and what makes them inactive? How many phases of hepatic metabolism are there?

A

Liver.

Liver enzymes

2 phases of hepatic metabolism

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7
Q

Explain short duration of action

A

Need more frequent doses as drug is metabolised quickly

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8
Q

If a drug is slowly metabolised what does this have?

A

Longer duration of action

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9
Q

Bioavailability is ……

A

How much of the effected drug reaches the target site.

IV has 100% Bioavailability

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10
Q

Explain Half life.

A

The time taken for the peak blood concentration following administration to fall to half of its initial value

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11
Q

Highly lipid soluble drugs do what?

A

Dissolve more quickly

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12
Q

Drugs that need to pass through the Blood Brain Barrier need to be what?

A

Highly lipid soluble

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13
Q

Explain Long Steady state

A

Longer working does not have to be given as frequently

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14
Q

First Pass Metabolism is ……

A

A drug concentration that is greatly reduced before entering the systemic system due to absorption and metabolism

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15
Q

What is high Pass Metabolism

A

A drug that has not had much chance to take effect before it is excreted

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16
Q

What route of drug will all have an element of high Pass Metabolism

A

Oral

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17
Q

First Pass Metabolism is different in…….

A

Children
The elderly
Chronic disease suffered

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18
Q

If a patient has a low EGFR what does this indicate

A

That they have poor renal function do the kidneys will be slow at excreting medication

19
Q

What is diffusion

A

Where molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration

20
Q

Agonist is …

Antagonist…….

A

Agonist - interacts with a receptor to stimulates a response

Antagonist - opposes the response

21
Q

What is the action of a pro drug

A

Metabolised into active drug

22
Q

What is an inactive pro drugs response

A

They are metabolised into an active form

23
Q

In prescribing what should we always consider?

A 
Age
Co-morbidity 
Drug interactions
Renal Function
Liver Function
Genetics
Gender
24
Q

Why do the elderly have poorer kidney function

A

They have fewer nephrons which then impairs kidney function

25
Q

What does Liver damage cause

A

Toxic levels as there are few enzymes to break down the drugs and speed up metabolism

26
Q

Why do we prescribe differently for children?

A

They have different gastric emptying rates
Immature liver enzyme system
Higher % total body water

Increased metabolic rate

27
Q

When prescribing for children and the elderly what can we consider?

A 
E numbers
Colour
Formulation - sugar free
Swallowing problems
Doseage regimes
28
Q

What are soluble tablets higher in and what should you be aware of if prescribing them?

A

Soluble tablets are higher in sodium so you have to be aware of BP Renal function, pregnancy.

29
Q

If a pt had renal impairment what should you be aware of?

A 
Their EGFR
Any drugs that raise K
Any drugs with Na due to water retention
NSAIDS
ACE Inhibitors
30
Q

Why should we be aware of drug to drug interactions?

A

As one drug inhibits another

31
Q

Receptor

A

Permeable plasma membrane helps control what moves in and out of the cell.

32
Q

Lingard

A

Nuero transmitter or hormones

33
Q

Ion Channels

A

Provide receptors which drugs can interact with

34
Q

Enzymes

A

Biological catalysts that increase rates of chemical reactions

35
Q

A drug that binds to a cell receptor is called a?

A

Agonist

36
Q

Most drugs and metabolites are excreted by the?

A

Kidneys

37
Q

The four processes in Pharmokinetics are?

A

ADME

38
Q

Drug passage in the kidneys can be described as

A

Passive excretion and Active reabsorption

39
Q

How many phases of hepatic metabolism is there?

A

2

40
Q

What route should drugs subject to first Pass Metabolism no be given by

A

Oral

41
Q

Name a plasma protein

A

Albumin

42
Q

A Pro-drug is

A

A drug given in its inactive form requiring metabolism

43
Q

An antagonist can be

A

Competitive and non competitive

Non Medical Prescribing (2 decks)

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