Pharmacology

Question 1

Bactericidal

Answer 1

antibiotic that leads to cell death of bacteria

Question 2

Bacteriostatic

Answer 2

Antibiotic that slows or inhibits the growth of the cell, but does not lead to cellular death

Question 3

Selective Toxicity

Answer 3

the ability of A drug to hone in on a specific Pathogen, rather then cause widespread death

Question 4

Time-Dependent killing

Answer 4

the amount of time serum concentrations must remain above the minimum effective concentration to cause cellular death or inhibition

Question 5

Concentration Dependent Killing

Answer 5

serum levels reach a certain level at which cellular death occurs

Question 6

Drug Resistance

Answer 6

bacteria modulate to different antibiotics , in which case a new Generation or Class must be used

Question 7

Super-infection

Answer 7

secondary effect of antibiotic without selective toxicity , causing secondary infections due to widespread killing of flora and fauna

Question 8

Prophylactic Antibiotic Use

Answer 8

to prevent Bacterial endocarditis Before heart surgery. If Individuals have poor dentition or neutropenia or on neutropenics .the process would be : Antibiotics- Dental extraction- Heart surgery

Question 9

Penicillin (pen-VK

Answer 9

narrow spectrum of action. dental infections.

Question 10

Penicillin (Pen-augmenten)

Answer 10

Broad spectrum of action. use: Respiratory infections, urinary tract infection, otitis-media, sinusitis

Question 11

clavulanic acid

Answer 11

beta- lactamase inhibitor in (Pen-augmenten), helps prevent certain bacteria from becoming resistant to augmenten

Question 12

Cephalosporins (CEF, CEPF)

Answer 12

(cephalexin .cefepim, penicillin), Indicated : GI infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections. Contraindicated:

Question 13

cryoprecipitate

Answer 13

blood product rich in clotting factors, increases levels of fibrinogen, given sometimes in the event of massive bleeds, liver disease, certain surgical procedures

Question 14

cross-matched

Answer 14

a,b,o compatibility, a,b,o are the most known antigens and usually the ones crossed matched, but there is many different types. further they must be cross mactched for RH positive or negative

Question 15

RhoGAM

Answer 15

an injection given to pregnant women, Rhogam destroys the Rh possitive fetal blood cells that may have entered the blood stream, to prevent Rh incompatibility, if the mother is Rh negative her body may produce antibodies against her Rh positive baby’s blood.

Question 16

• salicylates (bayer aspirin, ecotrin)
  acetaminophenl (tylenol)
  iuprofen (Advil)
  naproxen (aleve)
• a drug class that relieves moderate to minor pain

Answer 16

analgesic

Question 17

antipyretic

Answer 17

a drug class that reduces fever

Question 18

acetaminophen

Answer 18

is both and analgesic and antipyretic

Question 19

prednisone

Answer 19

is a corticosteriod medication, that reduces inflammation throughout the body, used for allergies, auto immune disease, some types of cancer

Question 20

diphenhydramine

Answer 20

available as both an antihistamine and sleep aid for its sedating effects. it works by blocking histamine receptors throughout the body. relieves(runny nose, itchy eyes, sneezing, hives)

Question 21

Packed red Blood cells

Answer 21

given when a person’s hemoglobin less than 7, impaired oxygenation, hemo-dynamically unstable

Question 22

Blood Products

Answer 22

whole blood, packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, cryoprecipitate.

Question 23

whole blood

Answer 23

contains red blood cell, white blood cells , platelets, plasma, water, gases, ABO antigens

Question 24

a common side effect of these drugs is dizziness and lightheadedness

Answer 24

antihypertensives, benzodiazepines, and antihistamines

Question 25

Ibuprofen is an example of what class of medication

Answer 25

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Question 26

anxiety can increase when taking these medications

Answer 26

amphetamines , steroids and medications containing caffeine

Question 27

baclofen and soma are examples of what kind of medication

Answer 27

skeletal muscle relaxants

Question 28

this class of medication is likely to increase bruising

Answer 28

anticoagulants

Question 29

Bisphosphonates

Answer 29

maintain or recover bone density.

Question 30

relax smooth muscle tissue and improve urinary symptoms. Treat high blood pressure.

Answer 30

Alpha-blockers

Question 31

work within the kidney, by promoting the blocking of sodium to be reabsorbed or promote the release and blocking of fluid to be reabsorbed in the kidneys

Answer 31

Diuretic medication

Question 32

-Adjunt diuretic -if too much pressure inside of the brain, this medication pulls a profound amount of fluid, from the third space in the body into the vasculature - does not work within the kidney

Answer 32

Mannitol

Question 33

- not a classic diuretic, may take a month to fully take effect -adjunct therapy,good at managing peripheral edema in conjunction with other blood pressure medications -often combination pill - acts on Distal convoluted tubule, promotes odium, chloride and water excretion, - within the kidney (CI) : if kidney is injured, not ideal for blood pressure control will worsen renal function -(AE) : hyopercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hypocholemia, increased creatinine levels

Answer 33

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 34

All diuretics come with a risk of _________ when standing up too fast, due to the low blood pressure.

Answer 34

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 35

"potassium wasting medications"

Answer 35

loop diuretic medications

Question 36

-acts within the thick ascending loop of Henle within the kidney -inhibits sodium chloride transport into the blood - very potent, not used for hypertension, used for fluid removal, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema ascites - adjunct therapy to help electrolyte depletion, (maby potassium is to high) (AE): electrolyte disturbances, mainly potassium, creatinine, ototoxicity (if givin IV push and we push it too fast), sulfa-allergy (because of sulfa ring inside makeup of drug -diuretic so there exists hypotension and volume depletion could happen -should not be given together with digoxin

Answer 36

furosemide

Question 37

is a waste product of creatine metabolism and is used as a marker of kidney function, filtered by kidneys and excreted in urine. indicator of kidney function

Answer 37

Creatinine

Question 38

involved in energy production and Is used as a supplement to enhance muscle performance. helps regenerate ATP. found in fish and meat, it is also produced in the body from amino acids.

Answer 38

Creatine

Question 39

-testosterone (Androderm, AndroGel) testosterone cypionate (Andro-Cyp, Depo-Testosterone) - Replaces male hormones

Answer 39

Androgen therapy

Question 40

- benazepril (Lotesin) captopril (capoten - cause vasodilation and decrease blood pressure

Answer 40

ACE inhibitor drugs

Question 41

-lidocaine (Lidoderm, Xylocaine) procaine (Novacain) - Applied to skin to deaden pain

Answer 41

Anesthetics-local