Pharmacology Flashcards
Know drug classifications , supplements and their Implication on massage
Bactericidal
antibiotic that leads to cell death of bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Antibiotic that slows or inhibits the growth of the cell, but does not lead to cellular death
Selective Toxicity
the ability of A drug to hone in on a specific Pathogen, rather then cause widespread death
Time-Dependent killing
the amount of time serum concentrations must remain above the minimum effective concentration to cause cellular death or inhibition
Concentration Dependent Killing
serum levels reach a certain level at which cellular death occurs
Drug Resistance
bacteria modulate to different antibiotics , in which case a new Generation or Class must be used
Super-infection
secondary effect of antibiotic without selective toxicity , causing secondary infections due to widespread killing of flora and fauna
Prophylactic Antibiotic Use
to prevent Bacterial endocarditis Before heart surgery. If Individuals have poor dentition or neutropenia or on neutropenics .the process would be : Antibiotics- Dental extraction- Heart surgery
Penicillin (pen-VK
narrow spectrum of action. dental infections.
Penicillin (Pen-augmenten)
Broad spectrum of action. use: Respiratory infections, urinary tract infection, otitis-media, sinusitis
clavulanic acid
beta- lactamase inhibitor in (Pen-augmenten), helps prevent certain bacteria from becoming resistant to augmenten
Cephalosporins (CEF, CEPF)
(cephalexin .cefepim, penicillin), Indicated : GI infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections. Contraindicated:
cryoprecipitate
blood product rich in clotting factors, increases levels of fibrinogen, given sometimes in the event of massive bleeds, liver disease, certain surgical procedures
cross-matched
a,b,o compatibility, a,b,o are the most known antigens and usually the ones crossed matched, but there is many different types. further they must be cross mactched for RH positive or negative
RhoGAM
an injection given to pregnant women, Rhogam destroys the Rh possitive fetal blood cells that may have entered the blood stream, to prevent Rh incompatibility, if the mother is Rh negative her body may produce antibodies against her Rh positive baby’s blood.
- salicylates (bayer aspirin, ecotrin)
acetaminophenl (tylenol)
iuprofen (Advil)
naproxen (aleve) - a drug class that relieves moderate to minor pain
analgesic
antipyretic
a drug class that reduces fever
acetaminophen
is both and analgesic and antipyretic
prednisone
is a corticosteriod medication, that reduces inflammation throughout the body, used for allergies, auto immune disease, some types of cancer
diphenhydramine
available as both an antihistamine and sleep aid for its sedating effects. it works by blocking histamine receptors throughout the body. relieves(runny nose, itchy eyes, sneezing, hives)
Packed red Blood cells
given when a person’s hemoglobin less than 7, impaired oxygenation, hemo-dynamically unstable
Blood Products
whole blood, packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, cryoprecipitate.
whole blood
contains red blood cell, white blood cells , platelets, plasma, water, gases, ABO antigens
a common side effect of these drugs is dizziness and lightheadedness
antihypertensives, benzodiazepines, and antihistamines
Ibuprofen is an example of what class of medication
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
anxiety can increase when taking these medications
amphetamines , steroids and medications containing caffeine
baclofen and soma are examples of what kind of medication
skeletal muscle relaxants
this class of medication is likely to increase bruising
anticoagulants
Bisphosphonates
maintain or recover bone density.
relax smooth muscle tissue and improve urinary symptoms. Treat high blood pressure.
Alpha-blockers
work within the kidney, by promoting the blocking of sodium to be reabsorbed or promote the release and blocking of fluid to be reabsorbed in the kidneys
Diuretic medication
-Adjunt diuretic
-if too much pressure inside of the brain, this medication pulls a profound amount of fluid, from the third space in the body into the vasculature
- does not work within the kidney
Mannitol
- not a classic diuretic, may take a month to fully take effect
-adjunct therapy,good at managing peripheral edema in conjunction with other blood pressure medications
-often combination pill - acts on Distal convoluted tubule, promotes odium, chloride and water excretion,
- within the kidney
(CI) : if kidney is injured, not ideal for blood pressure control will worsen renal function
-(AE) : hyopercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hypocholemia, increased creatinine levels
Hydrochlorothiazide
All diuretics come with a risk of _________ when standing up too fast, due to the low blood pressure.
Orthostatic hypotension
“potassium wasting medications”
loop diuretic medications
-acts within the thick ascending loop of Henle within the kidney
-inhibits sodium chloride transport into the blood
- very potent, not used for hypertension, used for fluid removal, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema ascites
- adjunct therapy to help electrolyte depletion, (maby potassium is to high)
(AE): electrolyte disturbances, mainly potassium, creatinine, ototoxicity (if givin IV push and we push it too fast), sulfa-allergy (because of sulfa ring inside makeup of drug
-diuretic so there exists hypotension and volume depletion could happen
-should not be given together with digoxin
furosemide
is a waste product of creatine metabolism and is used as a marker of kidney function, filtered by kidneys and excreted in urine. indicator of kidney function
Creatinine
involved in energy production and Is used as a supplement to enhance muscle performance. helps regenerate ATP. found in fish and meat, it is also produced in the body from amino acids.
Creatine
-testosterone (Androderm, AndroGel)
testosterone cypionate (Andro-Cyp, Depo-Testosterone)
- Replaces male hormones
Androgen therapy
- benazepril (Lotesin)
captopril (capoten - cause vasodilation and decrease blood pressure
ACE inhibitor drugs
-lidocaine (Lidoderm, Xylocaine)
procaine (Novacain)
- Applied to skin to deaden pain
Anesthetics-local
