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PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the class and MOA of ASA

A

Class: Anti-platelet

MOA: Thromboxane A2 inhibitor. Platelet effects are irreversible for the life of the platelet (7-10 days)

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2
Q

What is the class and MOA of Adenosine?

A

Class: AV-nodal blocker

MOA: temporality slows conduction through the AV node

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3
Q

What is the class and MOA of Albumin?

A

Class: colloid, blood product

MOA: replacement plasma protein, increase intra vascular oncotic pressure and causes the mobilization of fluids into the intra vascular space

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4
Q

What is the class and MOA of Amioderone ?

A

Class: class 3 anti-arrhythmic

MOA: blocks sodium channels in the heart, inhibits sympathetic activity by antagonizing beta adrenoreceptors, produces negative chronotropic effects in nodal tissues, lengthens cardiac action potential, slows conduction and prolongs action potential by blocking K+ channels

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5
Q

What is the class and MOA of atenolol?

A

Class: anti-anginal, b1 selective blocker, anti hypertensive.

MOA: selectively blocks b1 adrenergic receptors with little to no effect on B2 except at high doses

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6
Q

What is the class and MOA of Atropine

A

Class: anticholinergic, antimuscarinic

MOA: antagonizes acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors which produces parasympatholytic and vagolytic effects

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7
Q

What is the class and MOA of calcium chloride

A

class: electrolyte

MOA: improves myocardial contractility and ventricular automaticity

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8
Q

What is the class and MOA of cistracurium?

A

Class: Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

MOA:
Binds to motor end-plate cholinergic receptors. This antagonizes acetylcholine activity that results in neuromuscular blockade

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9
Q

What is the class and MOA of clopidogrel ?

A

Class: antiplatelet, P2Y12 inhibitor

MOA: irreversibly blocks p2Y12 component on platelet surfaces preventing activation of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex reducing platelet aggregation

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10
Q

What is the class and MOA of cryoprecipitate?

A

Blood product used to replace fibrinogen, factor VIII, factor XIII, von willebrad factor

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11
Q

What is the class and MOA of Desmopressin

A

Class: synthetic analog of vasopressin

MOA: Prompt onset, longer acting than vasopressin, more specific anti diuretic action than vasopressin, increased water reabsorption, decreased urine production

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12
Q

What is the class and MOA of Dexamethasone

A

Class: anti-inflammatory, corticosteroid

MOA: suppresses neutrophil migration, decreasing production of inflammatory mediators and reversing increased capillary permeability.

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13
Q

What is the class and MOA of Dextrose

A

Class: carbohydrate substrate

MOA: immediate source of glucose and water to nutrient deficient cell, causes transient osmotic diuresis

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14
Q

What is the class and MOA of Diazepam?

A

Class: benzodiazepine

MOA: Binds to receptor sites in the CNS promoting interaction between GABA and its receptors on neurons which become permeable to chloride. An influx of chloride makes the interior of the cell more negative and the cell takes longer to depolarize, suppressing the spread of seizure activity and raising the seizure threshold

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15
Q

What is the class and MOA of Diltiazem

A

Class: non-dihydropyridine CCB

MOA: inhibits the entry of calcium ions into slow channels of vascular smooth muscles and myocardium during depolarization producing coronary relaxation

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16
Q

What is the class and MOA of diphenhydrinate

A

Class: antiemetic, antihistamine, anticholinergic

MOA: inhibits cholinergic vestibular and reticular stimulation from motion

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17
Q

What is the class and MOA of Diphenhydramine

A

Class: Antihistamine

MOA: Antihisamine with anticholinergic and sedating side effects

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18
Q

What is the class and MOA of Dopamine

A

Class: sympathomimetic, Alpha/beta agonist

MOA:
Low dose: renal, mesenteric, cerebral vasodilation, improved urine output

Med dose: beta stimulation, increased HR and increased contractility

High dose: alpha effects dominate, systemic vasoconstriction

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19
Q

What is the class and MOA of Dobutamine

A

Class: Adrenergic agonist, inotrope

MOA: beta 1 receptor stimulation, increased myocardial contractility and stroke volume

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20
Q

What is the class and MOA of Enoxaparin

A

Class: Anticoagulant

MOA:Enhances the inhibition role of clotting by antithrombin 2

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21
Q

What is the class and MOA of epinephrine

A

Class: sympathomimetic, catecholamine

MOA: acts on alpha, beta receptors producing vasochonstriction, reducing vascular permeability, bronchodilation, increased HR, increased force of myocardial contraction

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22
Q

What is the class and MOA of eptifibatide

A

Class: Antiplatelet, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor

MOA: reversibly binds to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa reducing platelet aggregation and preventing thrombosis

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23
Q

What is the Class and MOA of Glucagon

A

Class: insulin antagonist

MOA: accelerates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver elevating BGL

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24
Q

What is the class and MOA of Glycopyrolate

A

Class: Anticholinergic

MOA: blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in secretory glands, smooth muscle, and CNS reducing salivation

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25
Q

What is the class and MOA of haloperidol

A

Class: Antipsychotic

MOA: blocks post-synaptic Mesolimbic dopaminergic receptors in the brain, depressing the release of hormones which depresses the reticular activating system

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26
Q

What is the class and MOA of heparin

A

Class: anticoagulant

MOA: potentiates the action of antithrombin III and inactivates thrombin, this prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

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27
Q

What is the Class and MOA of hydrazaline

A

Class: antihypertensive

MOA: vasodilation of arterioles, decreasing SVR

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28
Q

What is the class and MOA of hydrocortisone

A

Class: systemic corticosteroid

MOA: suppresses migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversing increased capillary permeability

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29
Q

What is the class and MOA of hydromorphone

A

Class: opioid analgesic

MOA: binds to opiate receptors in the CNS causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways and altering the perception of pain

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30
Q

What is the class and MOA of hydroxocobalamine

A

Class: vitamin

MOA: binds with cyanide molecules which prevents cyanide from binding to cellular mitochondria

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31
Q

What is the class and MOA of 3% Hypertonic Saline

A

Class: (sodium salt, electrolyte supplement)

MOA: marked osmotic shift of fluid from the intercellular to the interstitial and intra vascular space

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32
Q

What is the class and MOA of ibuprofen

A

Class: analgesic, antipyretic, NSAID

MOA: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, reducing pain, inflammation and pyrexia

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33
Q

What is the class and MOA of immune globulin

A

Class: Blood product

MOA: replacement therapy for immunodeficiencies, provides passive immunity by increasing the antibody filter and antigen-antibody reaction potential

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34
Q

What is the class and MOA of isoproterenol

A

Class: adrenergic receptor agonist.

MOA: Strong B1/B2 stimulation resulting in relaxation of GI, bronchial, and uterine smooth muscle. Vasodilation of peripheral vascularture, increased HR and contractility

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35
Q

What is the class and MOA of Ketamine

A

Class: Dissociative anesthetic

MOA: Non-competitive NMDA receptor agonist that blocks glutamate

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36
Q

What is the class and MOA of Ketorolac

A

Class: Analgesic, NSAID

MOA: Reversibly inhibit clyooxygenase -1 and 2 (COX1/2) enzymes. Results in decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors

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37
Q

What is the class and MOA of Labetolol

A

Class: selective alpha and non-selective beta blocker

MOA: blocks receptors within the myocardium, bronchial and vascular smooth muscle

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38
Q

What is the class and MOA of Levetiracetam (KEPPRA)

A

Class: antiepileptic

MOA: inhibits voltage dependent N-type calcium channels, keppra may also bind to synaptic proteins that modulated neurotransmitter release. This may facilitate a GABA inhibitory response

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39
Q

What is the class and MOA of Lidocaine

A

CLASS: 1B anti arrhythmic

MOA: sodium channel blocker, decreases the duration of the action potential by shortening the period of repolarization.

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40
Q

What is the class and MOA of lorazepam

A

Class: Benzodiazepine

MOA: enhances the effects of GABA

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41
Q

What is the class and MOA of Magnesium Sulfate

A

Class: Antiarrythmic, smooth muscle relaxant

MOA: Alters membrane potential, slows conduction, relaxing smooth muscle relaxant MOA

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42
Q

What is the class and MOA of mannitol

A

Class: Osmotic diuretic

MOA: Increases extracellular fluid, volume, and dilutes extracellular stores of sodium pulling water out of the cells and into the plasma.

Results in cerebral edema reduction, lowering cerebral spinal fluid pressure

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43
Q

What is the class and MOA of Metoclopramide

A

Class: Antiemetic, dopamine antagonist

MOA: blocks dopamine receptors in the CNS, enhances GI tract motility and accelerates gastric emptying

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44
Q

What is the class and MOA of Metoprolol

A

Class: B1 beta blocker

MOA: inhibits B1 effects located in cardiac muscle

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45
Q

What is the class and MOA of Midazolam

A

Class: Benzodiazepine

MOA: intensifies GABA, resulting in hyperpolarization of neuronal cells resulting in greater threshold to reach for depolarization

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46
Q

What is the class and MOA of Milrinone

A

Class: inotrope, phosphodiesterase -3 inhibitor

MOA: results in vasodilation and inotropic effects with little chronotropic activity

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47
Q

What is the MOA and class of MORPHINE

A

Class: opioid

MOA: inhibits ascending pain pathways after binding to opiate receptors

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48
Q

What is the Class and MOA of Naloxone

A

Class: Opioid antagonist

MOA: competitively binds to opioid receptors bound to opiates in CNS

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49
Q

What is the class and MOA of Nifedipine

A

Class: Dihydropyridine CCB

MOA: inhibits influx of extracellular calcium across myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membrane

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50
Q

What is the class and MOA of nimodipine

A

Class: Dihydropyridine CCB

MOA: inhibits influx of extracellular calcium but has a greater effect on cerebral arterioles

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51
Q

What is the class and MOA of Nitroglycerin

A

Class: Anti-anginal, vasodilation

MOA: primarily a venodilator, relaxes smooth muscle in vasculature

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52
Q

What is the class and MOA of Norepinephrine

A

Class: Alpha/Beta agonist

MOA: stimulates alpha and beta 1 causing increased contractility , HR and vasoconstriction

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53
Q

What is the class and MOA of octreotide

A

Class: somatostatin Analog

MOA: decreases splanchic blood flow, decreases hormone secretion of multiple hormones (GH, gastric, VIP, LH, glucagon, insulin, secretin, serotonin, pancreatic polypeptide

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54
Q

What is the class and MOA of Ondansetron

A

Class: Antiemetic

MOA: selectively inhibits type 3 receptors suppressing nausea

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55
Q

What is the class and MOA of OxyContin

A

Class: opioid analgesic

MOA: binds to opiates receptors sites, inhibitory ascending pain pathways

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56
Q

What is the class and MOA of oxytocin

A

MOA: stimulates uterine contraction by activating G-protein receptors, increases local prostaglandin production

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57
Q

What is the class and MOA of pantoprozole

A

Class: proton pump inhibitor

MOA: inhibits gastric parietal cell hydrogen-potassium ATPase, blocks acids secretion in the stomach

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58
Q

What is the class and MOA of Phenylephrine

A

Class: sympathomimetic

MOA: Agonizes alpha adrenergic receptors produces arterial vasoconstriction

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59
Q

What is the class and MOA of phenytoin

A

Class: anticonvulsant

MOA: stabilizes neuronal membranes and decreases seizure activity by lowering intracellular sodium levels in the motor cortex; prolongs refractoriness and suppress ventricular pacemaker automaticity shortening action potential in the heart

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60
Q

What is the class and MOA of prednisone

A

Class: Glucocorticoid steroid

MOA: inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokinesis prevents inflammation by controlling the rate of protein synthesis and suppressing the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes

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61
Q

What is the class and MOA of N-acetylcysteine

A

Class: Antidote, mucolytic agent

MOA: Hepatoprotective agent by restoring glutathione enhances the nontoxic sulfate conjugation of acetaminophen

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62
Q

What is the class and MOA of potassium-Chloride

A

Class: electrolyte

MOA: K+ is a major intracellular cation, involved in nerve impulse conduction, cardiac, skeletal, smooth muscle contraction

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63
Q

What is the class and MOA of procainamide

A

Class: 1A antiarrhythmic

MOA: inhibits recovery after repolarization resulting in a decreased myocardial excitation and conduction velocity, sodium blockade results in direct membrane stabilization that decreases conduction velocity and prolongs refractoriness

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64
Q

What is the class and MOA of propofol

A

Class: Anasthetic

MOA: positive modulation of the inhibitory function of GABA

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65
Q

What is the class and MOA of Protamine Sulfate

A

Class: Antidote

MOA: highly alkaline protein molecule with a large positive charge and a weak anticoagulant activity when administered alone. Protamine reverses the anti-factor Xa activity of LMWH

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66
Q

What is the class and MOA of prothrombin complex concentrate

A

Class: Octaplex

MOA: increases of vitamin K dependant coagulation factors ( II, VII, IX, X)

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67
Q

What is the class and MOA of ramipril

A

Class: Ace inhibitor

MOA: prevents the formation of angiotensin 2

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68
Q

What is the class and MOA of rocuronium

A

Class: non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

MOA: skeletal muscle relaxation by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.

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69
Q

What is the class and MOA of salbutamol

A

Class: sympathomimetic, bronchodilator

MOA: selective beta 2 adrenergic agonist that produces bronchodilation

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70
Q

What is the class and MOA of sodium bicarbonate

A

Class: electrolyte, buffer

MOA: buffers/ neutralizes excess acids specifically excess pH raising overall pH

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71
Q

What is the class and MOA of Succinylcholine

A

Class: Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

MOA: depolarizes motor endplate by binding to acetylcholine receptors

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72
Q

What is the class and MOA of tenectaplase

A

Class: thrombolytic

MOA: modified form of human tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) binding fibrin and converting plasminogen to plasma

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73
Q

What is the class and MOA of Thiamine

A

Class: Vitamin B1

MOA: essential coenzyme in carb metabolism by combining with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate.

Tx in ethylene glycol poisoning

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74
Q

What is the class and MOA of Ticagrelor

A

Class: Anti-platelet

MOA: reversibly binds ADP P2Y12 receptor on platelet surface prevents activation of the GP IIb/IIIa complex reducing platelet aggregation

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75
Q

What is the class and MOA of TXA

A

Class: antifibrinolytic

MOA: prevents clot degradation by competing for TXA receptor sites

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76
Q

What is the class and MOA of Vasopressin

A

Class: antidiuretic hormone

MOA: stimulates a family of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, oxytocin receptors and purine this receptors

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77
Q

What is the class and MOA of Vitamin K

A

Class: Fat-soluble vitamin

MOA: promotes liver synthesis of clotting factors (II,VII, IX, X)

78
Q

Which receptor does propofol primarily work on?

A

GABA, specifically GABAa

79
Q

What is the primary indication for propofol?

A

Maintanance of anasthesia, can be used for induction

80
Q

What is the infusion dose, and induction dose of propofol?

A

INDUCTION:
1-2.5mg/kg ADULT
0.5-1.0mg/kg Pediatric

Infusion
25-100mcg/kg/min

81
Q

Which receptor does ketamine work on, an what neurotranmitter dose it block?

A

Ketamine is an NMDA receptor agonist, that blocks the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate

82
Q

What is the targetted effects of ketamine?

A

Analgesia, anesthesia, dissociation

83
Q

What is the dosing range for Ketamine?

A

0.1-1mg/kg

84
Q

Which receptor (s) does Dopamine stimulate?

A

Dose dependant effcts, stimualtes alpha, beta, dopaminiergic receptors

85
Q

What are three classic settings for the use of Dopamine?

A

Cardiogenic shock
-vasoconstriction and +inotropy.
Congestive Heart failure
-inotropy, degree of vasodilation
Cardiac stimulation during surgery

86
Q

What is the dose range that could be seen with Dopamine

A

2-20mcg/kg/min

87
Q

What is a common starting dose for dobutamine?

A

10mcg/kg/min

88
Q

From most potent to least potent effect on BP, list vasopressors (PE,NE,DOP.EPI,DOB,DOPEX,ISO)

A

PE
NE
DOP
EPI
DOB
DOPEX
ISO

89
Q

Based on dosage, what are the targeted dopamine effects based on these doses.

2mcg/kg/min:
5-10mcg/kg/min
0-20mcg/kg/min

A

2mcg/kg/min=dopaminergic effects (renal, mesenteric, cerebral vasodilation)

5-10mcg/kg/min: beta effects (inotropy, chronotropy)

10-20mcg/kg/min: primarily alpha receptor agonism, resulting in vasoconstriction

90
Q

When is the ccp indicated to administer dopamine?

A

Hypotension in the absence of hypovolemia

-cardiogenic shock
-bradycardia
-Sepsis
-renal failure

91
Q

What are contraindications for dopamine?

A

-Known pheochromocytoma
-tachydysrhythmias
-mono-amine oxidase inhibitors

92
Q

How is a dopamine infusion typically prepared?

A

400 mg in 250ml of D5W

93
Q

What is the onset time of dopamine?

A

2-5minutes

94
Q

When is dobutamine indicated?

A

In cases of low cardiac output, or low cardiac index.

Short term managment of patients with cardiogenic decompensation

95
Q

What is the primary affect of dobutamine

A

Dobutamine is an inotrope, it primarily improves contractility and heart rate by stimulating Beta 1 adrenergic receptors

96
Q

What is the common does range for dobutamine?

A

2-20mcg/kg/min

97
Q

When is Hydrazaline indicated?

A

Hypternsive emergency in adults, and in pregnancy/post-partum patients

98
Q

For adults experiencing hypertensive emergency, what is the dose of hydrazaline?

A

10-20mg IV every 4-6hrs

99
Q

In pregnant/post partum patients, what is the required dose of hydrazaline?

A

5-10mg IV q 20 min as needed.

100
Q

What is the mechanism of action for hydrazaline?

A

Hydrazaline causes direct vasodilation of arterioles decreasing systemic vascular resistence.

101
Q

What are three common indications for norepinephrine?

A

-Symptomatic bradycardia
-Shock with hypotension refractory to fluids
-Cardiogenic shock

102
Q

What are the 5 drugs utilized by ccps to treat seizures

A

-midazolam
-Ativan
-Phenytoin
-Ketamine
-propofol

Kepra is commonly given by CCPs but is not in our kits.

103
Q

What are the four receptors targeted when treating seizures?

A

-sodium channels (Pheytoin)
-Calcium channels
-GABA receptors (Propofol, benzos)
-Glutamate receptors (ketamine)

104
Q

Which two drugs common to ccp practice require a filter?

A

Amioderone and keppra

105
Q

In the critical care setting, what are three settings where administration of a proton pump inhibitor be beneficial to prevent stress ulcers?

A

-Coagulopathy
-Severe sepsis
-Mech-vent >48hrs

106
Q

What is the mechanism of action regarding proton pump inhibitors?

A

They reduce the effects of gastric acid on walls of stomach and intestines by supressing H/K ATPase enzyme (gastric proton pump)

107
Q

What is a PPI a bridge to?

A

PPI is a bridge to endoscopy

108
Q

What are two common proton pump inhibitors?

A

Protonix, nexium

109
Q

What is the mechanism of action for furosemide?

A

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits reabsorption of na+ and Cl in the loop of henle

110
Q

What is a common dose range for furosemide

A

40-80mg IV

111
Q

What are three common antiemetics to ccps?

A

-diphenhydrinate
-Metoclopromide
-ondansetron

112
Q

Generally, what is the MOA for calcium channel blocking medications?

A

Inhibting the influx of calcium to cardiac and smooth muscles.

113
Q

Where do non-dyhydropiridines act?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue. Slows conduction and reduces inotropy

114
Q

Where do dyhydropiridines act?

A

Smooth muscle tissue resulting in primarily vasodilation.

115
Q

Which steroid is an imunosupressant, glucocorticoids or mineralcorticoids?

A

Glucocorticoid steroids are immunosupessant and mimics cortisol.

116
Q

What do mineralcorticoids mimic?

A

They mimic aldosterone

117
Q

Which medication is the most potent glucocorticoid?

A

Dexemethasone

118
Q

Which is the most potent mineralcorticoid?

A

Fludrocortizone?

119
Q

Where are hormones secreted?

A

Within the adrenal glands

120
Q

What is the MOA of TNK and TPA?

A

Both drugs prevent plasminogen from becoming plasmin which shears and destorys the clot.

121
Q

Which is a more common thrombolytic? TPA OR TNK

A

TNK is more common, it is one bolus dose rather than a bolus with a follow up infusion like tpa

122
Q

Which neuroleptic do CCPs carry?

A

Haloperidol

123
Q

What does haloperidol do?

A

Blocks neuron activity in the brain

124
Q

What is the most common side affect of haloperidol

A

QT prolongation.

125
Q

What is the dose range for Rocuronium?

A

0.6mg-1.2mg/kg

CCP uses 1mg/kg

126
Q

Which receptor does succinylcholine block acetylcholine at?

A

Nictotic receptors.

127
Q

What is the dose range for succinylcholine?

A

1-1.5mg/kg

CCP uses 1.5mg/kg

128
Q

List the order of medications in RSI

A

-BIG Syringe (Induction)
-Little Syringe (Paralytic)
-Chaser (Pressor)

129
Q

Why is norepinephrine favoured over dopamine?

A

Norepinephrine is less arrythmogenic

130
Q

Which receptors does vasopressin work on?

A

V1, V2

131
Q

What affects occur when V1 receptors are stimulated?

A

Vasoconstriction in vascular beds and smooth muscle

132
Q

What happens when V2 receptors are stimuated?

A

V2 receptor stimulation results in increased water absorption in the kidneys resulting in expanded extracellular fluid volume.

133
Q

When is vasopressin likely to be considered?

A

In distributive shock sec. To sepsis refractory to typical pressors.

134
Q

What is the typical dose range for vasopressin?

A

0.02-0.04U/min

135
Q

What is the standard dose range for dopamine?

A

2-20mcg/kg/min

136
Q

What dose range for dobutamine offers the most inotropic support?

A

2-10mcg/kg/min

137
Q

What is the MOA of milrinone?

A

Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase 3 enzyme inhibitor that blocks the breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, this results in more calicum influx into the myocardial cells.

138
Q

What is a typical dose range for milrinone?

A

0.125-0.75mcg/kg/min

139
Q

What is the Dose range for dopamine?

A

2-20mcg/kg/min

140
Q

Which receptors does dopamine primarily act on

A

Primary b1,b2, some alpha, D

141
Q

What is the time to onset of dopamine?

A

2-5min

142
Q

What is the duration of action for dopamine?

A

<10min

143
Q

What is the doserange of dobutamine?

A

2-20mcg/kg/min

144
Q

What are the primary receptor sites for dobutamine?

A

Primarily b1,b2,A

145
Q

What is the onset time of dobutamine?

A

1-10min

146
Q

What is the duration time of dobutamine?

A

2 minutes

147
Q

What is the dose range of milrinone?

A

0.125-0.75mcg/kg/min

148
Q

Which receptor does milrinone inhibit?

A

Phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor

149
Q

What is the time of onset for milrinone?

A

5-15min

150
Q

What is the duration time of milrinone?

A

2-3 hours

151
Q

What is the dose range for norepinephrine?

A

1-100mcg/min

152
Q

Which receptors are primarily stimulated by norepi?

A

Alpha 1, b1

153
Q

What is the onset to action for norepi?

A

Immediate

154
Q

What is the duration of norepi once the infusion has ended?

A

1-2min.

155
Q

What is the dose range for push-dose phenylephrine?

A

50-100mcg

156
Q

What is the primary receptor sites for phenylephrine?

A

A1

157
Q

What is the onset time of phenylephrine?

A

Immediate

158
Q

What is the duration time of phenylephrine

A

15min

159
Q

What is the dose range for an epinephrine infusion?

A

2-20mcg/min

160
Q

Which receptors are activated by epinehrine

A

Primary b1,a1,b2

161
Q

What is the onset time to epinephrine?

A

Immediate

162
Q

What is the duration of epinephrine?

A

5-10min

163
Q

What is the dose range for vasopressin

A

0.02-0.04u/min

164
Q

Which receptors are primarily stimulated by vasopressin?

A

V1/V2

165
Q

What is the onset time of vasopressin?

A

30-60min

166
Q

What is the duration of vasopresisn?

A

Length of infusion, + 20min after it stops

167
Q

What is the onset and duration times for Rocuronium?

A

Onset: 30-60 seconds
Duration: 30-60min

168
Q

What is the onset and duration times of succinylcholine?

A

Onset: 30-60 seconds
Duration: 4-6 minutes

169
Q

What is the maintanence dose for ketamine?

A

1/2 the induction dose used. (0.5mg/kg/hr)

170
Q

What is the maintanence dose range for propofol

A

25-100mcg/kg/min

171
Q

What is the maintanence dose range for midazolam?

A

5-10mg/hr

172
Q

What is the dose range for morphine

A

5-10mg/hr

173
Q

What is the maintanence dose range for fentanyl?

A

50mcg/hr

174
Q

Dose range for dopamine

A

2-20mcg/kg/min

175
Q

What are the main receptors dopamine acts on?

A

B1, Dopiminergic, B2

176
Q

What is the onset time for dopamine?

A

2-5 minutes

177
Q

What are the primary receptor site for dobutamine

A

B1,b2, with some alpha

178
Q

What receptor/enzyme does milrinone inhibit?

A

Phosphodiesterase 3 enzyme inhibitor.

179
Q

What is an appropriate starting dose for Norepinephrine?

A

1-10mcg/min

180
Q

What is the starting dose for Vasopressin?

A

0.02-0.04u/min

181
Q

What is the infusion dose for midazolam?

A

0.1-0.2mg/kg/hr

182
Q

What is the infusion rate for propofol?

A

25-100mcg/kg/min

183
Q

What is the mechanism of action for propofol

A

Propofol acts on GABAa receptors, intesifying the inhibitory effects of that neurotrasmitters. Resulting in anasthesia

184
Q

What is the duration of midazolam?

A

20-30minutes

185
Q

What is the maintenance dose for ketamine?

A

1/2 the induction dose. 0.5mg/kg/hr

186
Q

What is the mechanism of action for rocuronium?

A

Rocuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that binds to nicotinic receptors preventing the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.

187
Q

What is the mechanims of action for succinylcholine?

A

Sucinylcholine binds with nicotinic recetpors on the motor endplate at the neuromuscular junctioning, inhibiting the action of acetylcholine which results in depolarization and eventually short term paralysis

188
Q

What is the onset time of succinylcholine

A

30-60 seconds.

189
Q

What is the duration time of succinylcholine?

A

4-6min duration. It is short acting.

190
Q

What is the onset and duration of rocuronium?

A

Onset 30-60seconds
Duration 45min

191
Q

What is the mechanism of action for TXA?

A

TXA prevents plasminogen from becoming plasmin, prevent clot breakdown of fibrin clots.

S1 (8 decks)

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