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S1 > Blood Content > Flashcards

Blood Content Flashcards

1
Q

What is the appropriate storage condition for platelets?

A

20-24 c, with constant movement

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2
Q

Which blood product is the preferred treatment for fibrinogen deficiency?

A

Cryoprecipitate

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3
Q

Which patients require irradiated blood product?

A

Immunocompromised patients

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4
Q

What is the recommended plasma transfusion dose for an adult patient?

A

10-15ml/kg

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial contamination in platelet transfusions?

A

Skin flora from the donor

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6
Q

Which transfusion reaction is potentially fatal and requires irradiation of blood components for prevention?

A

Transfusion associated Graft-versus host disease TAGvHD

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7
Q

What is the estimated increase in heamoglobin after transfusing one unit of rbcs in an adult

A

10g/L

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8
Q

What is the recommended platelet count threshoold before performing lumbar puncture in non-cirrhotic patients?

A

20 X109/L

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9
Q

What is the main risk associated with transfusing O-negative blood to all emergency patients?

A

Depletion of emergency bloodsupply

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10
Q

What is the preffered transfusion strategy for a patient with acute upper GI bleeding?

A

Restrictive transfuison at hgb 70-80 g/L

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11
Q

Which test is NOT a standard blood bank test?

-ABO Typing
-Antibody screen
-Crossmatch
-WBC count

A

-wbc count

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12
Q

What is the minimum hemoglobin level for transfusion in an actively bleeding patient?

A

70g/L

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13
Q

How long should blood specimens forpre-tranfusion testing be valid?

A

72 hours

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14
Q

Which transfusion reacton presents with hypotension and fever shortly after transfusion begins

A

Febrile non-hemolytic reaction. (Bacterial contamination)

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15
Q

What is the purpose of giving Rh immunoglobulin to patients?

A

Preventing alloimmunization to the Rh(D) antigen

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16
Q

What are the two postulated causes of TRALI

A

Donor leukocyte antibodies, reaction with neutrophils

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17
Q

Which blood products must be ABO compatible?

A

Plasma and RBC’s must be compatible

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18
Q

For major non-neuro-surgery, what is the recommended platelet transfusion threshold?

A

50X109/L

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19
Q

When thawed, how log ca plasma be stored at 1-6C

A

5 days

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20
Q

What is the correct storage temp for FP before thawing

A

-18 C or colder

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21
Q

What is the minimum platelet count required for safe central venous catheter placment?

A

20 X 109/L

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22
Q

What are the risk factors of TACO?

A

-70 years of age
-Heart failure
-Left vent. Dysfynction
-MI Hx
-renal dysfunction
-Positive fluid status

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23
Q

How long should a single unit of RBC be infused over?

A

2 hours, to a max of 4hrs.

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24
Q

Which procedure has a high-risk of bleeding and requires a platelet count of >50 X 109/L before surgery

A

Neurosurgery

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25
Q

What is the most common symptom of acute hemolytic trannsfusion reaction

A

Fever and chills

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26
Q

What is the standard filter size for RBC transfusion administration

A

170-260 microns

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27
Q

How soon after a transfusion should a hemoglobin level be checked for response?

A

24 hours post transfusion

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28
Q

What is the purpose of Leukoreduction in blood products

A

To reduce febrile transfusion reactions

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29
Q

What is the main cause of DELAYED hemolytic reactions?

A

Pre-existing alloantibodies in the recipient

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30
Q

Which transfusion reaction is associated with donor leukocytes?

A

Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction

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31
Q

What is the most effective way to prevent TACO?

A

Restrictive transfusion methods
-Consider diuretics

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32
Q

How should blood components be identified before transfusion?

A

Verify name, DOB, unique identifier on wristband and blood label

33
Q

What is the recommended threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusion in non-bleeding hypoproliferative thrombocytpenia

A

10 X 109/L

34
Q

How long can red blood cells be stored at 1-6 C

A

42 days

35
Q

What is the preffered IV fluid for RBCs transfusions

A

NS

36
Q

What is the recommended transfusion strategy for a hemodynamically stable child in pediatric critical care

A

Restrictive, 70g/L Hgb is the threshold to transfuse

37
Q

What is the most common cause of acute hemolytic reactions

A

ABO-iincompatibility
—sec to clerical error

38
Q

What is the most common cause of acute hemolytic reactions

A

ABO-iincompatibility
—sec to clerical error

39
Q

What is he recommended ABO group testing for an infant less than 4 months old?

A

ABO and Rh(D) from either mother or infant

40
Q

When can uncross-matched blood be given?

A

When patients comdition precludes waiting for an antibody screen and cross match

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Thromobocytopenia is not a typical feautre of TACO

A

TRUE

42
Q

What is the recommended dose of adult platelets?

A

1 pool

43
Q

What is the maximum storage time for thawed plasma?

A

5 days at 1-6C

44
Q

Is Thrombocytopenia a risk for TACO?

A

NO

45
Q

What is the recommended platelet count for patients undergoing neuro surgery

A

100 X 109/L

46
Q

What is the most appropriate initial managment for TRALI?

A

Supportive care, mec vent if needed.

47
Q

Which is not a typical feature of post-transfusion purpura (PTP)

-Occurs 5-12 days post transfusion
-more common in males
-Platelet count often less than 10 x 109/L
-Can occur after transfusion of RBCs, plasma or platelets

A

-more common in males. It is actually 5x more common in females.

48
Q

What is the estimated risk of HIV transmission per unit of blood in canada

A

1 in 12,900,00

49
Q

What are three common causes of non-immune hemolysis after transfusion ?

A

Overheating RBCs
Hyoptonic IV solution
Freezinof rbcs

50
Q

What is the correct platelet count threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusion in patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia?

A

10 X 109/L

51
Q

What is the recommended INR for a plasma infusion prior to an invasive procedure?

A

1.8

52
Q

What is the maximum storage time for irradiated red blood cells after irradiation?

A

14 DAYS

53
Q

Which of the following is not common in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?

-Fever
-chills
-hemoglobinuria
-Thrombocytopenia

A

Thrombocytopenia

54
Q

What is the cause of a febrile transfusion reaction?

A

Bacterial sepsis or contamination often cause by skin flora from donor, or bacteria from the donor that was unrecognized

55
Q

Can you restart a transfusion after identifying a febrile transfusion reaction?

A

Yes, do so cautiously after consulting with EPOS. Provide supportive care.

56
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction.

A

S/S include fever, chills, hemoglobinuria, signs of shock/hypoperfusion.

57
Q

You ID an acute hemolytic reaction with your patient receiving a blood transfusing. You immediately stop the transfusion. Are you able to resume the transfusion?

A

No, stop the transfusion and send remaining product to TMS for examination.

58
Q

What is the cause of acute hemolytic reaction

A

ABO compatibility.

59
Q

What are the two queried mechanisms that result in TRALI?

A

Anitbody mediated, neutrophil priming hypothesis

60
Q

If TRALI is expected, should you restart the transfusion.

A

No, immediately stop the transfusion and contact TMS.

61
Q

Out of all the transfusion reactions. Which can you resume a transfusion once stopped?

TACO, TRALI, Febrile, hemolytic, delayed hemolytic, anaphylaxis, hypotension, GvHD

A

You may resume in the cases of…
-TACO
-Febrile reaction
-Anaphylaxis

62
Q

What are the two primary causes of TACO

A

Cardiovascular disfunction, transfusion rate.

63
Q

Which medication are patients taking who commonly present with hypotension whilst recieving blood.

A

ACE inhibitors.

Hypotension related to blood transfusion is often related to bradykinin. ACE breaks down bradykinin, taking an ace inhibitor may prevent the breakdown of bradykinin.

64
Q

What are four common causes of hemolysis in blood transfusion

A

-use of hypotonic saline
-overheating RBC’s
-Freezing of RBC’s
-Transfusion through a small needle

65
Q

When can a delayed hemolytic reaction occur?

A

24hours-28days post transfusion.

66
Q

What is the mortality percentage for TA-GvHD?

A

90% mortality rate.

67
Q

List all transfusion reactions

A

-TACO
-TRALI
-FEBRILE REACTION
-ACUTE HEMOLYTIC
-DELAYED HEMOLYTIC REACTION
-ANAPHYLAXIS
-HYPOTENSION
-TA-GvHD
-PTP

68
Q

What type of blood can A+ receive?

A

A+/- or O +/-

69
Q

What type of blood can A- recieve?

A

A- or O-. They have Rh antibodies, not antigen on the RBC.

70
Q

Which blood can a B+ type recieve?

A

B+/-, O+/-

71
Q

What type of blood can AB- type receive?

A

AB-,O- A-, B-

72
Q

What Can B- receive?

A

B-, or O-

73
Q

What blood can AB+ Receive.

A

All types of

74
Q

Who should receive O neg?

A

Females of child bearing age or potential

75
Q

What is the universal plasma donor?

A

AB plasma.

76
Q

If you are RH +, can you receive other compatible positive blood types

A

Yes because you already have the Rh antigen.

77
Q

Which product is available for BCEHS paramedics?

A

O negative PRBcs
AB Plasma

78
Q

What is the main difference between adult and pediatric transfusion?

A

For pediatrics, initiate 20ml/KG Crystalloid first. Product dosing is 10ml/Kg

79
Q

When should calcium be administered during blood transfusion?

A
  1. CA+ <1.0mmol/L
  2. After 4 units of product infused.

S1 (8 decks)

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