Pharmacology Flashcards
Ivermectin is effective against which organisms?
Nematodes (roundworms) are susceptible to ivermectin. Ivermectin has activity against ticks, mites, nematodes, and even lice.
The doctor tells you that a medication is only to be given parentally. A parental drug is given via which route?
Intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular injections are all parental routes of administration.
An 11-year old female spayed dog is diagnosed with a bladder tumor. She is still able to pass urine, but she strains towards the end of her urination and needs to go out frequently. Her blood work is unremarkable. What medication is sometimes prescribed specifically to alleviate symptoms from bladder tumors in dogs.
Piroxicam
What is piroxicam?
A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has some anti-cancer properties against transitional cells tumors and nasal adenocarcinoma in dogs.
What can rare side-effect can Piroxicam cause?
Renal papillary necrosis, so it is usually reserved for cases that have no underlying renal issues.
Which of the following drugs is commonly given by intravenous injection to humanely euthanize small animals?
a. Cyanide
b. Ketamine
c. Phenobarbital
d. Pentobarbital
e. Digoxin
d. Pentobarbital
Which of these drugs should not be used in Greyhounds?
a. Thiopental
b. Morphine
c. Ivermectin
d. Propofol
a. Thiopental
What is Thiopental?
Thiopental is an ultra-short acting barbiturate.
- Recovery depends on redistribution to tissues, including fat.
- Because sighthounds have very little fat, they have prolonged recoveries and greater complications with these drugs.
A large dog collapses in the lobby of your veterinary clinic. The dog is taken to the treatment area where an ECG reveals that the patient is in ventricular tachycardia. What drug would be administered intravenously in an attempt to convert the dog to a normal sinus rhythm.
2% lidocaine, administered in a bolus dose, can convert a dog into a normal sinus rhythm.
Opioids are commonly used in veterinary medicine. What is one of the most common side effects of opioids?
Respiratory depression
It is the beginning of the day and you are getting together the anesthetic and pre-anesthetic drugs for all of the patients for the day. Which of the following drugs should not be drawn up into a disposable plastic syringe, labeled, and stored in a lockbox unless they are going to be used properly?
a. Medetomidine and ketamine
b. Atropine and thipental
c. Diazepam and propofol
d. Acepromizine and etomidate
c. Diazepam and propofol
Some bacteria produce beta-lactamases or inactive penicillins. What beta-lactamase inhibitor is added to amoxicillin to prevent this from occuring?
Clavulanic acid
Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor added to amoxicillin to prevent some types of antibiotic resistance. Contains potassium salt, but not chloride.
What is sulfamethoxazole?
Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic typically given with trimethoprim. Sulfa medications can cause side effects such a as dry eye, acute hepatitis, and bone-marrow toxicity.
Which of the following over-the-counter medications is sometimes given for diarrhea?
a. Diphenhydramine
b. Famotidine
c. Simethicone
d. Bismuth subsalicylate
d, Bismuth subsalicylate
Bismuth subsalicylate is an anti-diarrheal medication which is found in Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate. It also has some antacid properties.
An 8-year old female spayed Dalmation presents to your clinic for dribbling urine when sleeping. Blood work and urinalysis are performed, and phenylpropanolamine is prescribed. How will this drug help treat the dogs problem?
It increases the tone of the urethral sphrincter.
Which drug is a fluoroquinalone?
a. Carprofen
b. Cephalexin
c. Clindamycin
d. Enrofloxacin
d. Enrofloxacin
Which form of chocolate contains the highest concentration of theobromine?
Unsweetened baking chocolate
Contains about 7 times more theobromine than milk chocolate.
A 5-year old female spayed Yorkie presents with a history of decreased vision. The doctor asks you to perform tonometry on this dog. Which of the following may be used as a topical anesthetics to the eyes so that you may check the intraocular pressures with your Tonopen?
Proparacaine
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) can result from the use of which medication?
Trimethoprim-sulfa (TMS)
Sulfa drugs can cause dry eye in some patients and therefore overuse should be avoided.
The degree to which an administered drug is absorbed intact into the systemic circulation is known as which of the following?
Bioavailability
Bioavailability is a word used to describe how chemicals are absorbed in the body. It is the administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation. It is the amount that the body can actually use.
Which medication given for diarrhea can cause the stools to appear dark in color, like melena?
Pepto Bismol
Pepto Bismol and some formulations of Kaopectate contain bismuth subsalicylate, which causes darkening of the stool and acts by anti-secretory effects on the intestine.
A veterinarian hands you a prescription that reads:
Cephalexin 250 mg, SIG: 3 cap PO BID x 14d
What is the correct amount of medication to dispense and what directions should be typed on the drug label?
84 capsules (250 mg each) of cephalexin. Give 3 capsules by mouth twice daily for 14 days.
You find coccidia (Cystoisospora) on a fecal float for a puppy that presents with mucoid diarrhea with streaks of blood. What medication is used to treat coccidia?
Sulfadimethoxine (Albon) is used to treat coccidia in dogs and cats.
You find Otodectes cynotis in an ear swab you prepared for a kitten that has been scratching her ears and has dark coffee ground looking debris in them. What could be used to treat this?
Ivermectin 0.01% can be applied topically to the ears to treat ear mites.
