Pharmacology Flashcards
What is the role of dopamine ?
Neurotransmitter produced in the substantia nigra.
Reward and movement regulation.
Precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.
What is the role of serotonin ?
Synthesized in the Raphe nuclei.
Regulate behavior, mood, memory, perception, anger, aggression, fear, appetite, sexuality.
Primary treatment target for many psychiatric and neurological disorders such as major depressive disorder, PTSD, OCD and anxiety. Also plays a role in stress response and addiction.
What is the function of norepinephrine ?
Produced in the locus coeruleus.
It activates the amygdala to perceived and activate under stress. Leads CNS in a state of high alert.
Sleep, wakefulness, feeding behavior, attention and memory consolidation.
What are the requirements for the definition of neurotransmitter ?
- synthesized by neuron
- pre-synaptic vesicle
- subsides regulatory mechanism
- specific receptors
What is the function of mesocortical pathway ?
- goal directed behavior
- attention
- motivational responses
What is the function of the mesolimbic pathway ?
- goal directed behavior
- pleasure
- emotional processes
Nigrostriatal pathway
- coordination
- attention
- adaptation
Why are drugs prescribed ?
- as a complement to rehabilitation
- pain management
- movement disorder management
- increase sleep
- increase arousal
- reduce anxiety and depression
What are the clinical selection criteria?
- clinical efficiency
- recommandations
- approved indications
- scientific litterature
-document technique commun - legal status
What are the technical selection criteria ?
- packaging
- convenience
- safety of utilization
- storage
- expiration
- label
In general which substances will support neuroplasticity ?
Stimulants that mimic excitatory neurotransmitter but theses substances are likely to cause withdrawal syndrome and addiction.
Why would detrimental substances to neuroplasticity be prescribed ?
- to decrease pain
- to decrease maladaptation
- to decrease HPAxis
Which prescribed substances are detrimental to neuroplasticity ?
- anti-convulsive (eg: phenytoin)
- barbiturates : anti-convulsive, sedative, hypnotic
- benzodiazepines : anxiolytic
- butyrophenones: neuroleptic antipsychotic
- clonidin: anti hyper tensor
- prazosin: anti hyper tensor
What are the most common side effects of diuretics ?
- vomiting
- decreased visual activity
- thirst sensation
- muscle pain
- hypotension
- weakness
What are the adverse effects of diuretics ?
- chest pain
- dry cough
- dehydration
- decreased awareness
- issues with gaz exchange in the lungs
- renal failure
- seizure
- fever
When the patient is under medication when is the best timing for physical therapy ?
Cross over period between first and second intake when the risk for adverse effects is the lowest.
What are the side effects of barbiturates ?
- confusion
- hallucination
- confusion
- somnolence
- decreased heart rate
- feeling light-headed
- weakness
What are the adverse effects of barbiturates ?
- dizziness
- loss of balance
- dyskinesia
- hyperreflexia
- vomiting
- sleep disturbance (issues with memory consolidation)
What are the side effects of calcium channel blockers ?
- blurred vision
- chest pain
- confusion
- somnolence
- decreased heart rate
- feeling light-headed
- weakness
What are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers ?
- dizziness
- loss of balance
- diskynesia
- hyperreflexia
- vomiting
- sleep disturbance
What are the side effects of stimulants ?
- orthostatic hypotension
- somnolence
- repetitive behavior
- dependence
- increased diskynesia
What are the adverse effects of stimulants ?
- delusion
- athetosis
- psychosis
What are the side effects of antipsychotics ?
- somnolence
- headache
- constipation
- edema
- lactation
What are the adverse effects of antipsychotics ?
- tremor
- loss of balance
- dizziness
- increased heart rate
- hyperkinesia
- fever
