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Equine > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common side effect of digoxin

A

diarrhea

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2
Q

positive inotrope drug that can be given with quinidine to help convert horses with atrial fibrillation.

A

digoxin

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3
Q

what is typically reserved for bacteria that are strictly susceptible to this medication because of the side effects that can be produced in the muna administering the drug?

A

Chloramphenicol

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4
Q

What are side effects of chloramphenicol

A

disrupting the mitochondrial function in bone marrow cells of humans and causing aplastic anemia

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5
Q

what is the class that is known to be ototoxic and nephrotoxic

A

aminoglycosides

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6
Q

What is the only narcotic used routinely in horses and is considered the strongest analgesic that can be given to horses

A

Torbugesic (butorphanol)

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7
Q

How long do the analgesic effects last for Torbugesic (butorphanol)

A

4 hours

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8
Q

what two drugs are the lipolytic tetracyclines that can be readily absorbed through the GI tract?

A

Doxycycline and minocycline

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9
Q

What is the ocular antifungal that can be used to treat fungal infections and fungal ulcers in horses

A

fluconazole

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10
Q

what form does Levothyroxine come in?

A

powdered that can mix with food

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11
Q

What is levothyroxine used to treat?

A

hypothyroidism

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12
Q

What NSAID comes as a topical paste that can be applied directly onto the distal limbs for lameness issues?

A

Surpass (diclofenac sodium)

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13
Q

How long do short acting glucocorticoids last in the body?

A

12 hours

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14
Q

how long do intermediate acting steroids last for in the body?

A

12-36 hours

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15
Q

how long do long acting steroids last for in the body

A

48 hours

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16
Q

A compound that can be used to help reduce swelling caused by trauma

A

DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)

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17
Q

The only form of Penicillin G that can be administered IV is the aqueous solution mixed with what?

A

sodium or potassium

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18
Q

What is the cardiac medication that is used to treat atrial fibrillation in horses?

19
Q

The most common steroid group used in horses?

A

Glucocorticoids

20
Q

What are glucocorticoids commonly used for?

A

anti-inflammatory

21
Q

A proton pump inhibitor that can be used to treat GI ulcers because it binds to parietal cells and inhibits the movement of hydrogen ions into the stomach

A

omeprazole

22
Q

Penicillin is a bactericidal antimicrobial that is more effective against what?

A

gram positive bacteria

23
Q

what is the NSAID that was released in 2012 and can be used to control pain associated with osteoarthritits?

24
Q

what can be used for both musculoskeletal pain relief and visceral pain which can be associated with colic

A

Banamine (flunixin meglumine)

25
Q

potentiated sulfonamindes can have serious side effects, such as what?

A

thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia

26
Q

the drug given to mares to terminate pregnancy

A

Lutalyse (dinoprost tromethamine)

27
Q

an emollient laxative that can be given to horses that have impactions

A

mineral oil

28
Q

what do NSAID’s block?

A

prostaglandin production

29
Q

Cox-2 are prostaglandins that are produced in response to

30
Q

Cox-1 helps protect

31
Q

Acepromazine is what kind of tranquilizer that can be used as a sedative in horses?

A

phenothiazine

32
Q

a dopamine antagonist that allows for prolactin secretion.

A

Equidone (domperidone)

33
Q

Equidone can treat what?

A

fescue toxicosis

34
Q

an indigestible plant fiber that can be used as a bulk laxative as it osmotically pulls water into the bowel lumen

A

metamucil (psyllium fiber)

35
Q

Metamucil (psyllium fiber) can be useful for treating what?

A

sand colic

36
Q

Lidocaine can be used in horses to help with what?

A

laminitis and colic pain

37
Q

Blocks pain signals at what?

A

spinal cord

38
Q

An alpha-2 agonist which is classified as a sedative-analgesic

A

Dormosedan

39
Q

the anti-ulcer medication that cannot be given at the same time as other oral medications as it can prevent/disrupt the absorption of other medications

A

Carafate (sucralfate)

40
Q

Atropine sulfate eye preparations are used to reduce pain in the eye by

A

dilating the blood vessels

41
Q

Alpha-2 agonist that can be used for short periods of time and lasts 15-20 minutes

42
Q

is the drug of choice to treat Potomac horse fever and leptospirosis

A

Doxycycline

43
Q

A progestin that can be used to delay estrus in mares, or be sued to maintain pregnancy in mares prone to abortion

A

regu-mate altrenogest

Equine (7 decks)

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