Clinical Procedures Flashcards
How do twitches work to aid in restraint
causes a distraction and releases endorphines
What are 3 natural twitches
lip, skin, and ear
How does elevating one of the legs on a horse work for restraint? and when would you use it?
discourages horse to move, when applying bandages, radiographs, or hair clipping
How do you restrain a foal?
restrain the mare first and lead the mare so foal will follow. If you approach foal, do it from the side, and contact should be quick and purposful. Allow mare to see foal
3 blind spots of a horse
behind them, infront of nose, and between eyes
What are 3 venous blood samplings for horses
cephalic: used in foals when jug can’t be used
facial: used for smaller amounts
jugular: big vein and easy to collect big amounts
which side do you do for a jug and why?
Left bc less likely to hit corotid
common urin collection methods
mid-stream or urinary catheter
what are normal characteristics of equine urine?
clear-turbid yellow, sometimes
what crystals are normal in a urinalysis
calcium carbonate
how are enemas given to horses and how is it performed?
can be given with a rectal palpation. You will get the fluids through the rectum and stand to the side of the animal as they might expel the contents
What is the maximum amount for a IM injection?
15 mL per site
Where do you administer IM injections?
Brachiocephalic or serratus ventrials. and Semitendinosus muscles in foals
are SQ injections common?
No
IV catheter sizes for adults and foals
Adult: 14g 5.25”
foal: 16g 3.25”
what equid needs a cutdown for IV catheter placement?
donkeys
what are the guidelines we discussed in regards to IV catheter placement and care
allow for quick access to the site, aseptic technique for placement, clip hair, caps should always be wiped down and replaced every 1-2 days, a loose bandage should be placed over catheter to prevent movement
what issue can commonly occur while placing a NG tube?
the NG tube can go in the trachea and not the stomach
what are the issues associated with IM injections
abscess
what is coaptation
the use of bandages, splints, and casts for various reasons
How often should a bandage be checked?
daily
what areas are sensitive to pressure sores?
distal limbs
how are casts utilized
treats fractures, wound and tendon lacerations
whats the issue with head bandages?
They apply compression
what are the indications for tail wrapts?
they should be from the base of the tail at the rump to the end of the bone, loosely but firmly applied to make sure it won’t be sloughed off
what can tail wraps be used of?
neoprene or rubber
what is the average hoof growth in horses?
1/4 inch every month
what is the most common anesthetic that can be used for joint injections?
aminoglycosides because it prevents and treats and infection
what can we inject into joints?
steroid hyaluronic acid, antibiotic
what is sinocentesis?
making a small hole through the sinuses
what is the common name for equine dentistry?
floating
baby teeth that sit on top of permanent teeth in foals
caps
the 1st premolar
wolf teeth
what is a horses flight zone
30ft
what are stocks
rectangle enclosures generally made of metal and occasionally wood.
characteristics of normal bodily fluids
transparent (not cloudy), non-odorous, low wbc count, few to no RBC, no bacteria present, low protein levels.
horses are shod by a farrier
true
the proper way to wrap a equid’s leg is from medial to lateral over the dorsal part of the leg to the caudal part of the leg and from distal to proximal
true
before a urinary catheter is placed, what is done
a sedative is given
What is necessary layer for every bandage?
padding
silicone catheters can stay in place for up to how many days?
up to 30 days
