Pharmacology Flashcards
Explain briefly the pharmacology of Adrenaline, presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
Naturally occurring alpha and beta adrenergic agonist.
- Increase SA node firing (Beta 1)
- Increases conduction velocity of AV node (Beta 1)
- Increases myocardial contractility (Beta 1)
- Increases the irritability of the ventricles (Beta 1)
- Causes bronchodilation (Beta 2)
- Peripheral vasocontraction. (Alpha)
Presentation
1mg/ 1ml
Indications
- Asystole
- PEA
- VF or VT
- Inadequate perfusion
- Anaphylactic reaction
- Severe Asthma + Unconscious asthma
- Croup or suspected croup/ Epiglottitis
- Bradycardia with poor perfusion.
Contraindications
- Hypovolemic shock without adequate fluid replacement.
Precautions (3 reduces 1 increase)
- Reduce for elderly patients
- Reduce for patients with Cardiovascular disease
- Reduce Patients on MAO inhibitors
- Increase for patients on Beta blockers.
Side effects
- Supraventricular arrhythmias
- Ventricular arrhythmias
- Hypertension
- Pupil dilation
- May increase size of MI
- Anxiety + Palpitations + muscle tremors
- Sinus tachycardia.
Explain briefly the pharmacology of Ceftriaxone, presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging cephalosporin family. Ceftriaxone inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall formation and therefore causes bacteria to break down.
Presentation
1g of sterile powder
Indications
- Suspected meningococcal
- Severe sepsis.
Contras
- Allergy to Cephalosporin antibiotics.
Precautions
- Allergy to Penicillin antibiotics.
Side effects
- Nausea + Vomiting
- Skin rash
Explain briefly the pharmacology of Dexamethasone, presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid.
It relives inflammation and provides immunosuppression.
Presentation
- 8mg in 2ml
Indication
- Bronchospasm / Acute resp distress and not responsive to nebulized salbutamol.
- Acute Exacerbations of COPD
- Severe Croup
- Severe COVID 19
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Dexamethasone or other corticosteroids.
Precautions
- Nil
Side effects
Nil
Explain briefly the pharmacology of Diazepam , presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
Benzodiazepine that increases GABA activity
Presentation
- 5mg tablet
Indications
- Acute Behavioral Disturbance (Sats >0)
Contraindications
- Known allergy or adverse drug reaction to benzos
- Myasthenia gravis (chronic autoimmune disorder).
Precautions
- CNS depression or ingestion of depressing agents including Alcohol.
- Hypotension
- Children and elderly
- Impaired renal or hepatic function
- Respiratory insufficiency.
Side effects
- Extrapyramidal effects.
Explain briefly the pharmacology of Fentanyl
, presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
A synthetic opioid analgesic (opioid receptor agonist)
CNS depressant
- Resp depression
- Analgesia
- Addiction
Decreases conduction velocity through the AV node.
Presentation
- 100mcg in 2ml
Indications
- Analgesia
- Sedation to maintain intubation
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Active Labor
- Epistaxis or occluded nasal passages (IN)
- Patients <1 year old.
Precautions
- Elderly patients
- Respiratory depression
- Current Asthma
- Addiction to Narcotics
- MAO Inhibitors.
Side effects (RRAB)
- Resp depression
- Rigidity of diaphragm
- Bradycardia
- Apnea
Explain briefly the pharmacology of Glucagon , presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
A hormone naturally secreted by the pancreas
- Causes a increase in blood glucose concentration by converting glycogen to glucose
Presentation
1mg in 1ml
Indication
- Anaphylaxis (on consult)
- Hypoglycemia with BGL <4
Contraindication
- Nil
Precautions
- Nil
Side effects
- Nausea + vomiting
Explain briefly the pharmacology of , presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
- Hypertonic intravenous solution (sugar + water)
Presentation
- 25g in 250ml
Indication
- Hypoglycemia with BGL <4 and unable to self administer glucose paste.
Contraindication
- Nil
Precautions
Side effects
Nil
Explain briefly the pharmacology of GTN, presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
A vascular smooth muscle relaxant.
- Venous dilation promotes venous pooling and reduces venous return to the heart (Preload)
- Arterial dilation reduces systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure (afterload)
Effects
- Reduce Myocardial Demand
- Reduces systolic, diastolic and Mean arterial pressure.
- Mild collateral coronary artery dilatation may improve blood supply.
- Mild tachycardia secondary to slight fall in BP
Presentation
- 400mcg spray
- 50mg Transdermal Ampoule (VAO only)
- 50mg in 10ml ampoule
Indication
- Chest pain associated with ACS
- LVF with Pulmonary Oedema
- Hypertension associated with ACS
- Autonomic Dysreflexia.
Contraindication (2 drugs, 2 BP, 4 hearts)
- Known Hypersensitivity
- Systolic BP <100mmhg for (SL)
- Systolic BP <120mmhg for (IV)
- Heart rate >150bpm
- Heart rate <50bpm excluding AD
- VT
- Right MI
- (PDE5) Sildenafil or Vardenafil administration in the last 24 hours or Tadalafil on the last 4 days
Precautions
- Elderly patients
- No previous admin
- Recent MI
- Inferior STEMI with BP <160
- Avoid skin contact
- Reduce BP slowly
Side effects
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Headache
- Skin flushing
- Bradycardia.
Explain briefly the pharmacology of , presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
Presentation
Indication
Contraindication
Precautions
Side effects
Explain briefly the pharmacology of , presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
Presentation
Indication
Contraindication
Precautions
Side effects
Explain briefly the pharmacology of , presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
Presentation
Indication
Contraindication
Precautions
Side effects
Explain briefly the pharmacology of , presentation, indication, contraindications and side effects.
Pharma
Presentation
Indication
Contraindication
Precautions
Side effects
