Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
Atenolol
A
- a selective beta-blocker that is used for hypertension
- not only decreases blood pressure but also decreases the heart rate
2
Q
Simvastatin
A
a statin medication intended to decrease cholesterol
3
Q
Albuterol
A
- bronchodilator
- indicated for acute and chronic respiratory diseases
- can increase the heart rate because of its beta-agonistic actions
- other S/E: tremors, dry mouth, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, nervousness
4
Q
Spironolactone
A
- a potassium-sparing diuretic and an antagonist of aldosterone
- utilized in managing heart failure
- lowers blood pressure but not the heart rate
5
Q
Pantoprazole
A
- a proton pump inhibitor
- used to treat esophageal reflux and peptic ulcer disease
6
Q
Lactulose
A
Indicated in the management of hepatic encephalopathy that reduces the amount of ammonia by having the client stool more often
7
Q
Loperamide
A
an antidiarrheal effective in the treatment of diarrhea
8
Q
Oxytocin
A
- commonly referred to under the brand name Pitocin
- given for induction of labor, the augmentation of uterine activity, to prevent or control uterine bleeding after delivery, to induce completion of an incomplete abortion (including miscarriages), and to promote milk ejection during lactation.
- Due to the sensitivity of oxytocin dosing, oxytocin is piggybacked intravenously using a calibrated infusion pump into the most proximal port of the mainline intravenous (IV) line.
9
Q
Dopamine
A
- a vasopressor and is indicated in the treatment of shock
- therapeutic effect: to increase the mean arterial pressure
- may cause extravasation; thus, it is strongly preferred that dopamine be administered through a central vascular access device
- may adversely cause tachydysrhythmias and continuous cardiac monitoring is necessary
10
Q
Sitagliptin
A
- is a DPP-4 Inhibitor used in managing diabetes mellitus type II
- reduces blood glucose levels by delaying gastric emptying and slowing the rate of nutrient absorption into the blood
- side effects: headaches, nasal stuffiness, and an occasional dry cough
- most common adverse effect: persistent abdominal pain may suggest pancreatitis
(Pancreatitis is manifested by abdominal pain, nausea, and persistent vomiting.)
(Pancreatitis causes significant dehydration, which, if untreated, may lead to hypovolemic shock)
✓ Other medications in this class include linagliptin, saxagliptin, and alogliptin.
11
Q
Magnesium sulfate
A
- treatment of choice for clients with preeclampsia to prevent eclamptic seizures and placental abruption
- Magnesium sulfate slows neuromuscular conduction and depresses central nervous system irritability without significant effects on blood pressure. Maternal vital signs, deep tendon reflexes, and urinary output need to be closely monitored.
- Antidote: Calcium gluconate (should be kept at the bedside in case of respiratory depression from magnesium sulfate use)
12
Q
Epoetin alfa
A
- Epoetin alfa is a colony-stimulating factor utilized to treat anemia secondary to chemotherapy or chronic kidney disease.
- Increases blood volume, therefore, increases blood pressure.
It is essential to monitor the hemoglobin during the therapy (do not give for levels greater than 11 g/dL) and blood pressure. - Takes 7-10 days to be efficacious
- Adverse effect: Severe hypertension
- Nursing intervention: Monitor hemoglobin for efficacy
13
Q
Oprelvekin
A
- a colony-stimulating factor used to stimulate the production of platelets
- medication gains efficacy within 5-9 days and
- common S/E: peripheral edema, nausea, and dyspnea
14
Q
Heparin in accesing port
A
- Heparin is immediately given prior to de-accessing a port.
- Prevents the client’s port from clotting off prior to the subsequent accession
- The standard dose is 500 units and is not enough to cause significant clotting dysfunction
- This dosage of heparin comes in a prefilled syringe and should not be diluted
15
Q
A
