Pharmacology

Question 1

Acetaminophen

Answer 1

Used for fever, headache, pain. Adult Dose - 975mg PO; Ped Dose - 15mg/kg to max 975mg. Contraindicated with hypersensitivity, hepatic/liver dysfunction, chemotherapy.

Question 2

ASA

Answer 2

Used for suspected ACS. Dose - 160mg PO. Contraindicated with hypersensitivity, active GI bleeds, asthma with hx of NSAID sensitivity.

Question 3

Dimenhydrinate

Answer 3

Used for N/V. Dose - 50mg SIVP/IM/IO (25mg for pt over 65). Contraindicated with hypersensitivity, large amounts of depressants consumed or narrow angle glaucoma.

Question 4

Diphenhydramine

Answer 4

Used for allergic reactions. Dose - 1mg/kg IM/SIVP/IO to single max 50mg; Contraindicated with hypersensitivity.

Question 5

D50W

Answer 5

Used for hypoglycemia. Dose - 25g SIVP q 5 mins prn to max 50g; Contraindicated with allergy to corn.

Question 6

Epi (1mg/ml)

Answer 6

Used for anaphylaxis. Adult Dose - 0.3mg IM q 5 to max 0.9mg; Ped Dose <30kg - 0.15mg q 5 mins to max 0.45mg. Not contraindicated in emergency setting.

Question 7

Glucagon

Answer 7

Used for hypoglycemia. Adult Dose - 1mg SIVP/IO/IM q 5 mins prn to max 5mg; Ped Dose - 1mg IM q 5 mins prn to max 2mg. Contraindicated with allergy to pork/beef or glucagon.

Question 8

ibuprofen

Answer 8

Used for headache. Adult Dose - 400mg PO; Ped Dose - 10mg/kg to single max 400mg. Contraindicated with hypersensitivity, asthma, hx renal disease, suspected intracranial bleed, hx of GI bleed, pregnancy, oral coagulants.

Question 9

ipratropium bromide

Answer 9

Used for bronchospasm. MDI Dose - 1 puff (20 mcg) q 30-60 sec to max 15 puffs (12 puffs for <20kg); Neb Dose - 500 mcg (250mcg for <20kg) q 5 mins to max 1500 mcg (750mcg for <20kg). Contraindicated with hypersensitivity.

Question 10

naloxone

Answer 10

Used for symptomatic opioid overdose. Adult Dose - 0.8mg IM q 5 mins prn to max 3.2mg, 2mg IN (1mg/nare) q 3-5 min to max 4mg, 0.05mg IV q 2 min to max 1mg; Ped Dose - 0.1mg/kg IV/IO q 2 mins to single max 2mg, 0.1mg/kg IM q 2 min to single max 2mg in 2 sites, 0.1mg/kg IN q 5 min to single max 2mg (1mg/nare). Contraindicated with hypersensitivity.

Question 11

nitroglycerin

Answer 11

Used for ACS. Dose - 0.4mg SL spray q 5 mins prn or BP <100mmHg, 0.8mg/hr patch. Contraindicated with BP <100mmHg, right sided infarcts (STEMI on ECG), or pt use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (viagra).

Question 12

nitrous oxide

Answer 12

Used for MSK pain, burns and active labour. Dose - self admin. Contraindicated with ALOC, intoxication, abdominal pain, chest trauma, head injuries.

Question 13

oral glucose

Answer 13

Used for hypoglycemia. Dose - 25g PO q 15 prn to max 50g (No repeat dose for PED). Contraindicated with ALOC.

Question 14

salbutamol

Answer 14

Used for bronchospasm. MDI Dose - 1 puff (100 mcg) q 30-60 sec to max 30 puffs (15 puffs for <20kg); Neb Dose - 5 mg (2.5 mg for <20kg) prn to max 15 mg (7.5 mg for <20kg). Contraindicated with hypersensitivity, tachydysrhythmias.

Question 15

What are the 6 rights, 3 C’s and E of med admin?

Answer 15

Right person, route, time, documentation, med, dose. Colour, concentration, clarity and expiration.

Question 16

What are the 3 routes of med admin?

Answer 16

Enteral (through the GI tract), parenteral (Any other route), percutaneous (absorbed through the skin),

Question 17

What is an Alpha 1 receptor?

Answer 17

Responsible for vasoconstriction

Question 18

What is an Alpha 2 receptor?

Answer 18

Controls the norepi

Question 19

What is a Beta 1 receptor?

Answer 19

Increases HR, contraction and trigger conduction

Question 20

What is a Beta 2 receptor?

Answer 20

Responsible for vasodilation

Question 21

What is the Fluid Resuscitation ratio?

Answer 21

3:1 (3ml of fluid replaces 1ml of fluid loss)

Question 22

What is the Fluid Infusion Formula?

Answer 22

Volume to be infused times the drop set size, then divided by the infusion time in mins

Question 23

What is the Drug Dose Formula?

Answer 23

Desired dose in mg divided by the concentration in mg/ml