PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards
What is a major risk when using second generation anti-psychotics?
Ex. Olanzapine and clozapine
Metabolic syndrome
* major risk for cardiovascular disease
* hyperglycemia, overweight or obesity, abdominal obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension
With 1st and 2nd gen…
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
* life threatening
* high fever, mental status change, dysautonomia, muscle rigidity
What are some concerns with Isoniazid and Rifampin?
Used to treat pulmonary TB
* both hepatotoxic
* the client must refrain from drinking alcohol during the treatment.
* monitor for signs of liver injury; darkening urine
How do you determine if a client has infectious pulmonary TB?
Sputum culture
Common med
What is Clopidogrel for?
Antiplatelet medication
It prevents platelets from sticking together and forming a dangerous blood clot.
Commonly used for diseases affecting arteries: CAD, PAD, cerebrovascular disease
Similar to aspirin, different from anticoagulants
What diseases are anticoagulants commonly used for?
compared to antiplatelets
Diseases affecting veins:
* PE
* DVT
* Atrial fibrillation
Antiplatelets (aspirin) help diseases which affect the arteries
Ex. warfarin, heparin
Common med
What is Succinylcholine for?
Skeletal muscle paralysis
It is a neuromuscular blocking medication typically given immediately prior to intubation to assist with the procedure
* monitor for hyperkalemia w/ long term use d/t muscle breakdown
* monitor for malignant hyperthermia (fever, muscle rigidity, and tachycardia)
Specific med
What is Misoprostol for?
Reduces the risk of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers
* It is a synthetic prostaglandin that protects the gastric mucosa by decreasing gastric acid secretion and lining the stomach for protection by increasing mucus and bicarbonate secretion.
Common med
What is phenytoin for?
An anticonvulsant indicated for epilepsy
Therapeutic levels must be maintained to ensure the effectiveness of the drug.
* side effect: gingival hyperplasia (irritated & large gums_
Common med
What is urecholine for?
a cholinergic medication that promotes urinary output
Common med
What is prazosin for?
treat benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) by dilating the urinary tract
Differentiate insulin types
Rapid insulin
* Lispro, aspart, glulisine
* works in 5-10 mins
* peaks at 30-90 mins
Short acting insulin
* Regular insulin
* works in 30 mins - 1 hr
* peaks at 2-3 hrs
Intermediate acting insulin
* NPH
* works in 1-3 hrs
* peaks at 4-12
Long acting insulin
* Glargine
* works in 1-2 hrs
* no peak
What is mannitol for?
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
* preferred diuretic for reducing increased intracranial pressure
* How? Osmotic pressure increases in the plasma but not in the brain. A gradient is developed between plasma and brain cells, causing a fluid shift from the extracellular space into the blood vessels.
What is theophylline for?
Treats COPD and asthma
The nurse should evaluate the character of the pulse since one of the toxic effects of theophylline is cardiac arrhythmias. If the pulse rate is significantly increased or erratic, it may alert the nurse regarding a potential arrhythmia from theophylline drug toxicity. Severe adverse events, including arrhythmias, seizures/ status epilepticus, nausea with vomiting, and hypotension, usually occur when the theophylline is at a toxic level in the body (drug toxicity).
What is hemophilia?
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that causes a factor VIII deficiency. Factor VIII is produced by the liver and is necessary for the formation of thromboplastin in phase I of blood coagulation. Bleeding is commonly found in the joints (termed hemarthrosis), which causes joint stiffness, aches, and a decreased range of motion. Hematuria is also a clinical feature that may be evident (either grossly or by microscopy that would be shown on a urine analysis). Epistaxis is a feature as well if trauma to the nose occurs.
Bleeding is commonly found in the joints that manifest as joint stiffness, limited range of motion, and swelling
✓ A client with hemophilia should be educated to avoid contact sports, the manifestations of bleeding, and adherence to follow-up care
✓ Clients with hemophilia should avoid aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) because they inhibit platelet function
What is Dofetilide for?
Dofetilide is an antiarrhythmic medication intended to treat atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter and maintain sinus rhythm.
* can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of serious dysrhythmias. Monitoring the QT interval before administration is crucial.
