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ATI NCLEX > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

cef-; ceph-

A

Cephalosporins (antibiotics)

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2
Q

cort-

A

Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)

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3
Q

rifa-

A

Antituberculines

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4
Q

sulf-

A

Sulfonamides (antibiotics)

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5
Q

-actone

A

Potassium-sparing diuretics

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6
Q

-ane

A

General anesthetics

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7
Q

-ase

A

Thrombolytics (clot-busters)

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8
Q

-azole

A

Antifungals

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9
Q

-azosin

A

Alpha blockers (adrenergic antagonists)

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10
Q

-barbital

A

Barbiturates (sedative-hypnotics)

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11
Q

-caine

A

Local anesthetics

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12
Q

-calci-

A

Calcium & Vitamin D supplements

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13
Q

-cillin

A

Penicillins

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14
Q

-ciclovir

A

Antivirals

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15
Q

-curium

A

Neuromuscular blockers

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16
Q

-curonium

A

Neuromuscular blockers

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17
Q

-cycline

A

Tetracyclines (antibiotics)

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18
Q

-cyclovir

A

Antivirals

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19
Q

-dazole

A

Nitroimidazole antimicrobial

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20
Q

-dipine

A

Calcium channel blockers

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21
Q

-dronate

A

Biphosphonates

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22
Q

-ergot-

A

Ergotamines (anti-migraine)

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23
Q

-ine

A

Stimulants

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24
Q

-lam

A

Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics)

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25
Q

-lol

A

Beta blockers (adrenergic antagonists)

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26
Q

-lone

A

Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)

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27
Q

-micin

A

Aminoglycosides (antibiotics)

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28
Q

-mycin

A

Aminoglycoside/Macrolides (antibiotics)

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29
Q

-navir

A

HIV/AIDS antivirals

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30
Q

-pam

A

Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics)

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31
Q

-parin

A

Anticoagulant

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32
Q

-prazole

A

Proton pump inhibitors (anti-ulcer)

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33
Q

-pril

A

ACE inhibitors (antihypertensives)

34
Q

-profen

A

NSAIDS (anti-inflammatory)

35
Q

-quine

A

Antiparasitics

36
Q

-sartan

A

Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists

37
Q

-semide

A

Loop diuretic

38
Q

-setron

A

5-HT3 receptor antagonists (antiemetics)

39
Q

-sone

A

Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)

40
Q

-statin

A

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor

41
Q

-stigmine

A

Cholinergics

42
Q

-stine

A

Antineoplastics (anti-tumor)

43
Q

-terol

A

Bronchodilators

44
Q

-thiazide

A

Thiazide diuretics

45
Q

-tidine

A

H2 receptor antagonists (anti-ulcer)

46
Q

-triptan

A

Anti-migraines

47
Q

-triptyline

A

Tricyclics (antidepressants)

48
Q

-vir

A

Antivirals

49
Q

-vudine

A

HIV/AIDS antivirals

50
Q

-zepam; -zolam

A

Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics)-

51
Q

-zine

A

Phenothiazines (antipsychotics, antiemetics)

52
Q

-zoline

A

Nasal decongestants

53
Q

(Fast) Short acting insulins

A

Regular (Humulin R)
Onset: 30 min-1 hour
Peak: 2-3 hours
Duration: 5-7 hours

54
Q

(Slow) Intermediate acting insulins

A

NPH insulin (Humulin N)
Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 4-12 hours
Duration: 18-24 hours

55
Q

(Slowest) Long-acting insulins

A

Insuline glargine (Lantus)
Onset: 1 hour
Peak: None
Duration: 10-24 hours

56
Q

Antiemetics

A

Used in the treatment and/or prevention of nausea and vomiting

Includes: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (serotonin antagonists), Dopamine antagonists, some antihistamines and cannabinoids

57
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

A

Decrease stomach acid by inhibiting gastric proton pumps that make the acid

58
Q

Erectile Dysfunction Agents

A

Increase nitric oxide which opens and relaxes the blood vessels of the penis causing increased blood flow

59
Q

Erectile Dysfunction Medication Side Effects

A

Headache, flushing, back pain, and muscle aches (with Levitra), temporary vision changes (including “blue vision with Viagra)

60
Q

Erectile Dysfunction Medication Contraindications

A

Men with heart problems, uncontrolled blood pressure problems, history of stroke, or health problem that can cause priapism.

61
Q

Iron supplement side effects

A

Teeth staining (liquid form) –> Dilute with water or juice, drink with a straw, and rinse mouth after swallowing

Skin and tissue staining (IM injections) –> Give deep IM using Z track

62
Q

Iron Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Antacids or tetracyclines –> decrease absorption of iron, so separate use by at least 2 hours

Vitamin C –> increase absorption, but also increases incidences of GI complications

63
Q

Iron Supplements Patient Education

A

Take on empty stomach 1 hour before meals to maximize absorption (but may cause GI distress –> nausea, constipation, heartburn); can be administered with food, but this reduced absorption

Space doses equally throughout the day

Stool may look dark green or black (but this is harmless)

Increase fiber and water intake (unless contraindicated), and maintain exercise program to counter constipation

Encourage intake of foods high in iron (liver, egg yolks, muscle meats, yeast)

64
Q

Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)

A

Treat primary hypercholesterolemia, prevent coronary events (primary and secondary), protects against MI and stroke for clients with diabetes, and help increase HDL levels in clients with hypercholesterolemia

65
Q

Statins Adverse Effects

A

Hepatoxicity (establish baseline liver functions and monitor at 12 weeks and then every 6 months and avoid alcohol), myopathy and peripheral neuropathy (report muscle weakness and/or aches, pain, tingling, and tenderness), CK levels to be monitored periodically

66
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prevent the formation of blood clots by interfering with clotting cascade

67
Q

Anticoagulants Contraindications

A

Active bleeding, bleeding disorders, ulcers, or hemorrhagic brain injuries

68
Q

Heparin

A

H- heparin sodium prevents thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin (administered IV or SQ)

E- noxaparin (Lovenox) is a low molecular weight heparin (longer half-life and administered SQ)

P- rotamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin

A- dminister when there is the likelihood of clot formation (such as MI or DVT)

R-isk for bleeding (monitor for bleeding, including bleeding gums, bruises, hematuria, and petechiae

I- instruct clients to avoid corticosteroid use, salicylates, NSAIDs, green leafy vegetables, and foods high in Vitamin K

N- ormal aPTT is 20-36 seconds, but therapeutic level on heparin should be 1.5-2 times normal value (60-80 seconds)

69
Q

Coumadin

A

C- Coumadin (Warfarin sodium) interferes with coagulation factors by antagonizing Vitamin K

O- ral administration (may need heparin until therapeutic effect achieved)

U- se contraindicated for low platelet counts or uncontrolled bleeding

M- ephyton (Vitamin K) is the antidote

A- void foods high in Vitamin K and use of acetaminophen, glucocorticoids, and aspirin, and wear a medic alert bracelet

D- ones are typically once a day

I- NR and PT are monitored. INR should be 1.5-2 times control, and PT should be 2-3.

N- ot for pregnant women! Heparin can be used.

70
Q

Antiplatelets

A

Prevent platelets from clumping together by inhibiting enzymes and factors that normally cause arterial clotting

71
Q

Antiplatelets Indications

A

Low dose (81mg) prevent MI and stroke

72
Q

Antiplatelets Contraindications

A

Peptic ulcer disease, severe renal/hepatic disorders

73
Q

Antiplatelets Side Effects

A

Hemorrhagic stroke (weakness, dizziness, headache
Monitor bleeding time
Coffee ground emesis or bloody, tarry stools
Watch for bruising, petechiae, bleeding gums

74
Q

Antiplatelets Interactions

A

Avoid use with medications that enhance bleeding (NSAIDs, heparin, warfarin)
Corticosteroids (may increase aspirin effects)
Concurrent use with aspirin may reduce hypertensive action of beta blockers

75
Q

Thrombolytic Agents

A

Clot busters (restoration of circulation as evidenced by relief of chest pain, and reduction of initial ST segment injury pattern on ECG)

76
Q

Thrombolytic Adverse Effects

A

Increased bleeding (baseline platelet and blood counts –> aPTT, PT, and INR; venipuncture and SQ and IM injections should be limited)

77
Q

Echinacea

A

Used to treat the common cold

With chronic use, can decrease positive effects of medications for TB, HIV, or cancer

78
Q

Ginger root

A

Decrease nausea of morning sickness, motion sickness, and nausea induced by surgery

May decrease pain and stiffness of rheumatoid arthritis

Suppresses platelet aggregation

Use cautiously in pregnancy

79
Q

Ginkgo biloba

A

Promotes vasodilation and may be used to increase recall ability and mental processes (used commonly with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease)

May be used for erectile dysfunction in clients who take SSRIs and experience impotence as a side effect

May interact with medications that lower the seizure threshold (such as antihistamines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics)

May interfere with coagulation

80
Q

Valerian

A

Increases GABA to prevent insomnia (promotes sleep with increased effect over time. There is risk of dependence)

May cause drowsiness and depression

Use cautiously in clients with mental health disorders

Avoid use in pregnancy or while breastfeeding

81
Q

Black cohosh

A

Acts as estrogen substitute (may be used during menopause)

Increases the effects of antihypertensive medications and may increase effect of estrogen medications

Increases hypoglycemia in clients taking insulin or other diabetes medications

ATI NCLEX (3 decks)

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