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NPLEX2 review of modalities > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

atorvastatin

A

-Lipid lowering via HMGcoA reductase
-monitor liver: ALT, AST at start and 6wks
-give with CoQ10 atleast 100mg
-discontinue if muscle pain / liver enzymes spike

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2
Q

simvastatin

A

-lipid lowering agent
-HMGCOA reductase
- give with CoQ10
-monitor liver enzymes at start and 6 wks
- d/c if muscle pain or liver enzymes spike

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3
Q

reasons to discontinue a statin

A

muscle pain or liver enzyme spike

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4
Q

what should you always give with a statin

A

coQ10

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5
Q

Niacin

A

stimulates hepatic lipid breakdown
SE: flushing, rash
CI: liver toxicity - slow release more toxic to liver
1-2 g per day

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6
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

-HCTZ or diuretic
-For HTN / Edema
-inhibits sodium and chloride reuptake in distal tubule to reduce GFR
-SE: low potassium, high calcium, high glucose, renal failure
NEVER IN SULFONAMIDE OR THIAZIDE INTOLERANCE

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7
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic
HTN and Edema
pulls sodium and chloride out of loop of henle
SE: low potassium, high calcium, high glucose, low BP

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8
Q

Triamterene

A

potassium sparing diuretic
HTN, edema
works in distal tubule
SE: high potassium ( hyperkalemia)
turns urine blue , may combine with HCTZ

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9
Q

Spironolactone

A

aldosterone antagonist
HTN, Edema, PCOS
SE: high potassium, breast diformity

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10
Q

drug ending in OLOL is what kind

A

beta blocker

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11
Q

drug ending PRIL

A

ACE inhibitor

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12
Q

drug ending in SARTAN

A

ARB

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13
Q

Clonidine

A

alpha 2 central agonist in brain stem
HTN - used for rapid drop in BP over 4 hrs
relaxes vessels and renal system
TAPER OFF- can cause rebound HTN

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14
Q

Reserpine

A

Catecholamine depleting agent
HTN
SE: drowsiness, anxiety, depression, bradycardia, congestion, Nausea, diarrhea,
NEVER within 2 weeks of MAOI
ITS VERY LOW DOSE 0.25mg BID max

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15
Q

Atenolol

A

Beta 1 blocker
HTN, angina
SE: fatigue, vertigo, bradycardia, bronchospasm, CHF
NEVER WITH digitalis
TAPER

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16
Q

metoprolol

A

Beta 1 blocker
HTN, angina
SE: fatigue, vertigo, bradycardia, bronchospasm, CHF
NEVER with digitalis
TAPER

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17
Q

What two beta blockers are B1 adrenergic receptor blockers

A

atenolol and metoprolol

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18
Q

Propranolol

A

Beta 1 and 2 blocker
HTN, angina, arrythmias, migraines essential tremors
SE: fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, N/V, CHF
ALWAYS TAPER

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19
Q

Carvedilol

A

beta 1 and 2 blocker
HTN, angina, arrythmias, migraines, essential tremors
SE: fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, N/V, CHF
TAPER

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20
Q

Timolol

A

Beta 1 and 2 blocker
HTN, angina, arrythmias, migraines, essential tremor
SE: fatigue, bradycardia, hypotension, N/V, CHF
TAPER

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21
Q

verapamil

A

Calcium channel blocker
HTN, angina
SE: constipation, dizzy, edema, CHF
NOT WITH CIMETIDINE

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22
Q

diltiazem

A

calcium channel blocker
Angina, HTN, AFIB
HA, edema, dizzy, arrythmia, CHF, nausea, constipation, rash
NOT WITH CIMETIDINE

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23
Q

amlodipine

A

calcium channel blocker
HTN, angina
SE: dizziness, CHF, edema, HA, weakness, nausea
capsules are passed in stool

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24
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor
HTN, heart failure
SE: dry persistent cough , tachycardia, rash, renal dysfunction, HA, high potassium
NEVER IN PREGNANCY

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25
irbesartan
ARB - blocks angiotensin 2 receptor HTN for those with ACE intolerance SE: renal dysfunction, high potassium, hypotension
26
losartan
ARB blocks angiotensin 2 receptor HTN for those with ACE intolerance SE: renal dysfunction, high potassium, hypotension
27
Valsartan
ARB blocks angiotensin 2 receptor HTN for those with ACE intolerance SE: renal dysfunction, high potassium, hypotension
28
warfarin
blocks vitamin K and factors 2,7,9,10 For: thrombosis, rheumatic heart disease, emboli, ischemic heart disease SE: prolonged bleeding, hemorrhage, rash, fever, diarrhea Monitor PTT
29
Heparin
inhibits clotting factors via AT3 prevention of DVT, Emboli, DIC SE: hemorrhage, cutaneous necrosis, chills, fever, itching Caution: menstruating female, liver dz, blood dz
30
clopidogrel
blocks TA2 adn PG2 in clotting cascade For reducing risk of stroke, MI SE: salicylism, GI bleed, tinnitus, rash, occult blood, tenderness to palpation
31
aspirin
blocks TA2, PG2 in clotting cascade Reduces risk of stroke, MI SE: GI bleed, tinnitus, rash, occult blood
32
digoxin
class 1 anti arrhythmic inhibits sodium potassium pump increasing cardiac action potential threshold with calcium For: CHF, atrial tachycardia, AFIB, A flutter SE: fatigue, arrhythmia, weakness, agitation, blurred vision, nausea Toxicity is high- yellow halo around vision- death
33
Lidocaine
class 1 anti arrhythmic AFIB,Aflutter, CHF SE: fatigue, agitation, blurred vision, nausea
34
what meds are class 2 anti arrhythmic
beta blockers
35
amiodarone
class 3 anti arrhythmic delay repolarization by lengthening AP, and reducing SA node function MOST PEOPLE CAN'T TOLERATE IT lung toxicity, liver toxicity
36
What meds are class 4 anti arrhythmic
calcium channel blockers
37
nitroglycerin
anti anginal increases blood flow to heart , decreases preload and afterload Angina SE: HA, dizziness, tachycardia, rash, hypotension sublingual 1 tab every 5 min 3 doses
38
loratadine
Antihistamine blocks H1 receptor seasonal allergies non sedating NEVER USE WTIH erythromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole- causes fatal arrythmia
39
Diphenhydramine
Antihistamine blocks H 1 receptor Allergic reactions from Type 1 response or insomnia SE: DROWSINESS, nausea, seizures, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis NEVER with CNS depressants or MAOI's
40
cetirizine
antihistamine H1 blocker NON SEDATING Seasonal allergies
41
Promethazine
antihistamine H1 blocker SEDATING allergic responses NEVER with CNS depressants or MAOI's
42
epinephrine
Direct sympathomimetic - vasoconstriction of alpha1, vasodilate beta 2 Anaphylaxis,bronchoconstriction and local anesthesia SE: cerebral hemorrhage, CVA, HTN, Vfib, shock , N/V, drowsiness IV: 1:10,000 0.1-0.2mg/mL 2 ml every 5 minutes IM 1:1,000 0.5-1mg/mL 1 ml NOT IN CLOSED ANGLE GLAUCOMA
43
oxymetazoline
nasal spray or eye drops for vasoconstriction Congestion SE: arrythmia, anaphylaxis, asthmatic episode , HA DO NOT USE WITH MAOI or sever HTN
44
Phenylephrine
sympathomimetic- vasoconstricts alpha 1 for Congestion, hypotension SE: arrythmia, anaphylaxis, asthmatic episode, NEVER WITH MAOI or severe HTN
45
pseudoephedrine
sympathomimetic , vasoconstricts alpha 1 decongestant SE: anxiety, palpitation, HA, insomnia NEVER with MAOI
46
albuterol
B2 adrenergic agonist for bronchodilation Acute asthma , fast acting SE: anxiety, tachycardia, HA, palpitations, nausea, bronchospasm NOT with CNS stimulants
47
Atropine
muscarinic antagonist emergency bronchodilation SE: dry mouth tachycardia
48
acetylcysteine
Mycolytic at high doses For : pneumonia, bronchitis, TB, CF, emphysema SE: rhinorrhea, stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm Not with activated charcoal
49
guaifenesin
Mucolytic Pneumonia, TB, emphysema SE: none 50-400mg every 4 hours depending on age
50
Glucocorticoids
end in sone, zone or onide decrease respiratory irritation and inflammation for use with bronchodilators SE: water retention, CV problems, osteoporosis, peptic ulcer
51
ipratropium bromide
anticholinergic bronchodilator bronchospasm with COPD or asthma SE: arrhythmias, palpitations, anxiety, nausea Not for single use
52
tiotropium
anticholinergic bronchodilator maintenance of bronchospasm in COPD and asthma SE: arrhythmias, palpitations, anxiety, nausea NOT FOR SINGLE USE
53
what are the rescue acute inhalers
epinephrine, albuterol
54
what are the maintenance inhalers
steroids, ipratropium, tiotropium,
55
what are the maintenance inhalers
steroids, ipratropium, tiotropium,
56
cromolyn sodium
mast cell stabilizer bronchial asthma in adults and kids solution 20mg inhaled 800mcg
57
budesonide
inhaled steroid asthma 1-2 per day
58
fluticasone
steroid nasal or oral once daily
59
salmeterol
LABA asthma increased risk of asthma related death
60
codeine
cough suppressant
61
hydrocodone
cough suppressant
62
Nystatin
antifungal - disrupts cell wall topical kill even in GI tract for candida anywhere 1million units TID SE: contact dermatitis
63
Terbinafine
antifungal topical and oral mainly onychomycosis of nails
64
fluconazole
antifungal systemic kill need breaks if using long term
65
permethrin
antiparasitic paralysis of parasites SCABIES, pediculosis SE: pruritis, edema, rash, burning, stinging
66
mebendazole
anthelminthic prevents nutrient uptake by helminths pinworms, roundworms, hookworms SE: abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea repeat after 3 weeks to kill larvae
67
Metronidazole
antiprotozoal inhibits DNA synthesis Amoebas, trich, giardia SE: GI distress, seizure, ataxia, rash, joint pain DO NOT DRINK ALCOHOL , Potentiates p450 drugs
68
hydroxychloroquine
antimalarial malaria, amebiasis SE: HA, dizziness, pruritis, seizures, retinal change, ototoxicity
69
gentamicin
antibiotic - aminoglycosides stops DNA synthesis Serious infection with enterobacter, E. Coli, pneumonia, pseudomnoas SE: ototoxic, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic okay for breastfeeding
70
penicillin
antibiotic -targets cell wall Beta lactams gram positive bacteria , syphilis SE: GI dysbiosis, Ki failure especially in IV, liver damage, superinfection , neurotoxic, not effective against beta lactamase or Gram neg bacteria
71
ampicillin
antibiotic inhibits cell wall gram postivie and negative, prophylaxis for dentist SE: N/V, rash, urticaria, anaphylaxis not effective against beta lactam organisms
72
amoxicillin
antibiotic inhibits cell wall some gram positive and negative - dental prophylaxis not against beta lactimase unless mixed with clavulanate
73
how long are antibiotics given
10days
74
cephalexin
cephalosporin - inhibits cell wall 1st gen For: URI, skin infections, GI SE: maculopapular rash CAUTION WITH PENECILLIN ALLERGY
75
erythromycin
macrolide- stops bacterial DNA synthesis for M. Pneumonia, pertussis, C. Pneumonia, strep, URI SE: GI pian, N/V, anaphylaxis NEVER IN PREGNANCY, caution with kidney problems
76
clarithromycin
macrolide, stops bacterial DNA formation Bronchitis, urinary STI that is not gonorrhea caution in pregnancy
77
azithromycin
macrolide, interferes with DNA synthesis bronchitis, non gonococcal uti or STI fewer GI effects, less medication needed safer in pregnancy this is a Zpak
78
Doxycycline
antibiotic - tetracycline stops bacterial protein synthesis Gram positive and negative, chlamydia, lyme acne- prophylaxis SE: intracranial HTN, GI upset, rash, increased pigmentation, NEVER IN PREGNANCY, <9YO, lactation
79
minocycline
Tetracycline antibiotic most absorbed in stomach, low GI kill rate
80
nitrofurantoin
UTI antibiotic NOT IN SIGNIFICANT RENAL IMPAIRMENT , pregnancy 3rd trimester take with food
81
clindamycin
lincosamide antibiotic gram positive cocci alternative for penacillin better absorbed more active
82
ciprofloxacin
fluoroquinolone antibiotic stops bacterial DNA formation Wide spectrum: URI, UTI, bone infections, GI SE: GI, seizures, achilles tendon rupture , stop growth plate development NEVER IN KIDS UNDER 18
83
levofloxacin
fluoroquinolone , stops DNA synthesis Wide spectrum: URI, UTI, GI, bone, not if <18yo SE: achilles tendon rupture, stop growth plate closure
84
isoniazid
Anti TB via inhibits cell wall TB SE: neuropathies, hepatotoxic, GI, rash give with B6
85
rifampin
anti TB Tb GIVE WITH B-6 hepatotoxic
86
mupirocin
topical antibiotic stops bacterial RNA Impetigo, MRS, prophylaxis Few side effects expensive
87
acyclovir
antiviral, stops replication HSV1 and 2, varicella, herpes, encephalitis, mollerets syndrome may occure SE: N/V rash
88
valacyclovir
antiviral, stops replication HSV1 and 2, varicella, herpes, encephalitis SE: nausea, rash

NPLEX2 review of modalities (7 decks)

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