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NCLEX PREP > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

-dipine

A

Ca+ channel blocker (decreases the contractility of the heart by decreasing the amount of calcium entering the cells of the heart and blood vessel walls)

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2
Q

-afil

A

erectile dysfunction

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3
Q

-caine

A

Anesthetics

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4
Q

-pril

A

ACE Inhibitor (vasodilator; decreases BP and improves blood flow to the heart)

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5
Q

-pam, -lam

A

Benzodiazepine (depressants that produce sedation and hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and reduce seizures)

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6
Q

-statin

A

antilipidemics

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7
Q

-asone, -solone

A

Corticosteroid (reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system)

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8
Q

-olol

A

beta-blockers (blocks adrenaline aka epinephrine; reduce blood pressure)

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9
Q

-cillin

A

Penicillin (antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria)

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10
Q

-ide

A

oral hypoglycemic

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11
Q

-prazole

A

PPI (reducing the amount of stomach acid made by glands in the lining of your stomach)

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12
Q

-vir

A

Antiviral

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13
Q

-ase

A

thrombolytic

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14
Q

-azine

A

antiemetic

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15
Q

-phylline

A

Bronchodilator

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16
Q

-arin

A

anticoagulant

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17
Q

-dine

A

H2 antagonists (block the action of histamine at the histamine H2 receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach. This decreases the production of stomach acid)

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18
Q

-zine

A

Antihistamine (block histamine to relieve symptoms of allergies, such as hay fever, hives, conjunctivitis and reactions to insect bites or stings)

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19
Q

-cycline

A

Antibiotic

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20
Q

-mycin

A

aminoglycoside (a class of antibiotics used mainly in the treatment of aerobic gram-negative bacilli infections (ex) Staphylococci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

21
Q

-floxacin

A

antibiotic

22
Q

-tyline

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

23
Q

-pram, -ine

A

SSRIs (antidepressant that increases serotonin)

24
Q

-azole

A

antifungals

25
Q

-sartan

A

ARBs (Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax your veins and arteries to lower your blood pressure and make it easier for your heart to pump blood)

26
Q

-piprazole

A

Antipsychotic

27
Q

-prost-

A

Prostaglandin (cause uterine contractions; used for uterine hemorrhage and uterine atony)

28
Q

-dronate

A

bisphosphonate (treat osteoarthritis; help to strengthen bones and reduce the risk of bones breaking)

29
Q

-terol

A

B agonists (bronchodilators; relieve bronchospasm and reducing airway resistance)

30
Q

-tropion

A

inhaled anticholinergics (a class of bronchodilators primarily used in the management of chronic. obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD))

31
Q

Infiltration (IV Infusion Complication)

A

when IV fluids or medications leak out of the vein and into the surrounding tissue.

32
Q

Infiltration prevention & treatment (IV Infusion Complication)

A

prevention: use the smallest catheter, stabilize port access, assess blood return

treatment: apply a cold compress after removing catheter

33
Q

Extravasation (IV Infusion Complication)

A

Another type of infiltration, but with a vesicant agent, meaning a medication that can cause serious tissue damage

34
Q

Extravasation prevention & treatment (IV Infusion Complication)

A

prevention: know med potential for extravasation

treatment: aspirate drug if possible

35
Q

Phlebitis (IV Infusion Complication)

A

the inflammation of a vein may be d/t a blood clot, which results in redness, swelling, and pain

36
Q

Phlebitis prevention & treatment (IV Infusion Complication)

A

prevention: rotate site q 72-96 hrs and avoid excessive activity with the extremity

treatment: apply heat compress after stopping the infusions and removing the IV catheter

37
Q

Hematoma (IV Infusion Complication)

A

leakage of blood from the vessel into the surrounding soft tissue

38
Q

Hematoma prevention & treatment (IV Infusion Complication)

A

prevention: avoid veins not easily seen or palpated

treatment: apply light pressure after removing IV device

39
Q

Catheter embolus (IV Infusion Complication)

A

when an IV catheter fragment breaks off into the patient’s venous system and causes a blockage

40
Q

Catheter embolus prevention & treatment (IV Infusion Complication)

A

prevention: do not reinsert the stylet needle into the catheter

treatment: turn to the left side and apply tourniquet to limit venous flow

41
Q

Pneumothorax (Central Venous Catheter Complication)

A

A collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lungs and the chest wall (during insertion)

42
Q

Pneumothorax prevention & treatment

A

prevention: use of U/S

treatment: administer oxygen, and care for chest tube

43
Q

Air embolism

A

(gas embolism) occurs when one or more air bubbles enter a vein or artery and block it

44
Q

Air embolism prevention & treatment

A

prevention: pt should lay flat during care and perform Valsalva maneuver when possible

treatment: place client in left Trendelenburg and administer oxygen

45
Q

Lumen Occlusion

A

complete inability to either infuse blood or fluid into the CVC lumen or withdraw blood or fluid from the CVC lumen

46
Q

Lumen Occlusion prevention & treatment

A

prevention: flush with NS before and after med administration

treatment: use 10 ml syringe with a pulsing motion

47
Q

Bloodstream infection

A

infectious diseases defined by the presence of viable bacterial or fungal microorganisms in the bloodstream

48
Q

Bloodstream infection prevention & infection

A

prevention: maintain a sterile technique

treatment: change the entire infusion system, obtain cultures, administer antibiotics

49
Q

5 complications associated with PICC line

A

catheter occlusions, dislodgments, phlebitis, embolism, infection

NCLEX PREP (5 decks)

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