Pharmacology Flashcards
-dipine
Ca+ channel blocker (decreases the contractility of the heart by decreasing the amount of calcium entering the cells of the heart and blood vessel walls)
-afil
erectile dysfunction
-caine
Anesthetics
-pril
ACE Inhibitor (vasodilator; decreases BP and improves blood flow to the heart)
-pam, -lam
Benzodiazepine (depressants that produce sedation and hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and reduce seizures)
-statin
antilipidemics
-asone, -solone
Corticosteroid (reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system)
-olol
beta-blockers (blocks adrenaline aka epinephrine; reduce blood pressure)
-cillin
Penicillin (antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria)
-ide
oral hypoglycemic
-prazole
PPI (reducing the amount of stomach acid made by glands in the lining of your stomach)
-vir
Antiviral
-ase
thrombolytic
-azine
antiemetic
-phylline
Bronchodilator
-arin
anticoagulant
-dine
H2 antagonists (block the action of histamine at the histamine H2 receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach. This decreases the production of stomach acid)
-zine
Antihistamine (block histamine to relieve symptoms of allergies, such as hay fever, hives, conjunctivitis and reactions to insect bites or stings)
-cycline
Antibiotic
-mycin
aminoglycoside (a class of antibiotics used mainly in the treatment of aerobic gram-negative bacilli infections (ex) Staphylococci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
-floxacin
antibiotic
-tyline
Tricyclic antidepressants
-pram, -ine
SSRIs (antidepressant that increases serotonin)
-azole
antifungals
-sartan
ARBs (Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax your veins and arteries to lower your blood pressure and make it easier for your heart to pump blood)
-piprazole
Antipsychotic
-prost-
Prostaglandin (cause uterine contractions; used for uterine hemorrhage and uterine atony)
-dronate
bisphosphonate (treat osteoarthritis; help to strengthen bones and reduce the risk of bones breaking)
-terol
B agonists (bronchodilators; relieve bronchospasm and reducing airway resistance)
-tropion
inhaled anticholinergics (a class of bronchodilators primarily used in the management of chronic. obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD))
Infiltration (IV Infusion Complication)
when IV fluids or medications leak out of the vein and into the surrounding tissue.
Infiltration prevention & treatment (IV Infusion Complication)
prevention: use the smallest catheter, stabilize port access, assess blood return
treatment: apply a cold compress after removing catheter
Extravasation (IV Infusion Complication)
Another type of infiltration, but with a vesicant agent, meaning a medication that can cause serious tissue damage
Extravasation prevention & treatment (IV Infusion Complication)
prevention: know med potential for extravasation
treatment: aspirate drug if possible
Phlebitis (IV Infusion Complication)
the inflammation of a vein may be d/t a blood clot, which results in redness, swelling, and pain
Phlebitis prevention & treatment (IV Infusion Complication)
prevention: rotate site q 72-96 hrs and avoid excessive activity with the extremity
treatment: apply heat compress after stopping the infusions and removing the IV catheter
Hematoma (IV Infusion Complication)
leakage of blood from the vessel into the surrounding soft tissue
Hematoma prevention & treatment (IV Infusion Complication)
prevention: avoid veins not easily seen or palpated
treatment: apply light pressure after removing IV device
Catheter embolus (IV Infusion Complication)
when an IV catheter fragment breaks off into the patient’s venous system and causes a blockage
Catheter embolus prevention & treatment (IV Infusion Complication)
prevention: do not reinsert the stylet needle into the catheter
treatment: turn to the left side and apply tourniquet to limit venous flow
Pneumothorax (Central Venous Catheter Complication)
A collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lungs and the chest wall (during insertion)
Pneumothorax prevention & treatment
prevention: use of U/S
treatment: administer oxygen, and care for chest tube
Air embolism
(gas embolism) occurs when one or more air bubbles enter a vein or artery and block it
Air embolism prevention & treatment
prevention: pt should lay flat during care and perform Valsalva maneuver when possible
treatment: place client in left Trendelenburg and administer oxygen
Lumen Occlusion
complete inability to either infuse blood or fluid into the CVC lumen or withdraw blood or fluid from the CVC lumen
Lumen Occlusion prevention & treatment
prevention: flush with NS before and after med administration
treatment: use 10 ml syringe with a pulsing motion
Bloodstream infection
infectious diseases defined by the presence of viable bacterial or fungal microorganisms in the bloodstream
Bloodstream infection prevention & infection
prevention: maintain a sterile technique
treatment: change the entire infusion system, obtain cultures, administer antibiotics
5 complications associated with PICC line
catheter occlusions, dislodgments, phlebitis, embolism, infection
