Pharmacology

Question 1

First-line antibiotic in pyelonephritis?

Answer 1

Cefalexin

Question 2

First-line UTI antibiotic?

Answer 2

Nitrofurantoin or Trimethoprim

Question 3

First-line antibiotic in chlamydia?

Answer 3

Doxycycline

Question 4

First-line antibiotic in COPD exacerbation?

Answer 4

Amoxicillin

Question 5

First-line antibiotic in diabetic foot infection?

Answer 5

Flucoxacillin

Question 6

Name one oral and one rectal stimulant laxative and give the main contraindication.

Answer 6

Senna (PO) and rectal glycerol suppository
Bowel obstruction

Question 7

Name an osmotic laxative and when it is not indicated.

Answer 7

Lactulose or Macrogol
Not recommended in already bloated or dehydrated patients

Question 8

Name a softener laxative.

Answer 8

Doctusate

Question 9

Name a bulking laxative and when it is indicated.

Answer 9

Ispaghula husk
If inadequate fibre intake with hard stool

Question 10

For opioid-induced constipation what treatment is indicated?

Answer 10

Osmotic (macrogol) + Stimulant (Senna)

Question 11

In what types of pain is Gabapentin indicated?

Answer 11

Neuropathic pain in particular in diabetics

Question 12

What are common CYP450 inhibitors?

Answer 12

Omeprazole, Amiodarone, SSRI’s, Cementadine and Macrolides (erythromycin and clarithomycin)

Question 13

What are common CYP450 inducers?

Answer 13

Carbamazepine, Barbituates, Phenytoin, Rifampicin & Pioglitazone

Question 14

Which Parkinson’s medication is associated with impulse control issues?

Answer 14

Dopamine receptor antagonists
(Bromocriptine, ropinirole, cabergoline)

Question 15

Which Parkinson’s medication requires extra investigations prior to starting and why?

Answer 15

Dopamine receptor antagonist
Bromocriptine & cabergoline have been associated with pulmonary, retroperitoneal and cardiac fibrosis
Echo, CXR, ESR and creatine

Question 16

Which Parkinson’s medication should be given if they have motor symptoms effecting quality of life?

Answer 16

Levodopa