Endocrinology Flashcards
What are the features of SIADH on investigations?
HYPONATRAEMIA
Euvolaemia and low serum osmolarity
High urine osmolarity and sodium
What is the primary treatment for SIADH?
Fluid restriction
What will the urine and blood show in primary polydipsia?
Euvolaemic hyponataemia
Low urine sodium and osmolarity
What hormone abnormality is the cause of SIADH?
↑ADH
What are the common causes of SIADH (4)?
Post-operative
Small cell lung cancer
Post brain pathology eg.injury
Meds like SSRI’s
What are the causes of primary hyperaldosteronism?
- Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
- Adrenal adenoma (Conn’s syndrome)
What are the causes of secondary hyperaldosteronism?
- Renal artery stenosis
- HF
- Liver cirrosis and ascites
What are the common causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
- Renal failure (CKD)
- Vitamin D deficiency
What causes primary hyperparathyroidism?
Adenoma of the parathyroid gland
Hyperplasia of parathyroid gland (less common)
What causes tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
Ongoing hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands after correction of the underlying disorder (usually renal failure)
What are the calcium, phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in primary hyperparathyroidism?
Ca - increased
Phos - decreased
ALP - increased
PTH - increased
What are the calcium, phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Ca - decreased or normal
Phos - increased
ALP - increased
PTH - increased
What are the signs of hyperparathyroidism?
Bones (bone pain/fracture), stones (renal), abdominal groans (nausea, constipation
peptic ulceration) and psychic moans (depression)
What should you treat hypoparathyroidism?
Alfacalcidol
What causes primary hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, iodine deficiency, treatments for hyperthyroidism (carbimazole, thyroid surgery), lithium
