Pharmacology

Question 1

Dopamine

Answer 1

motivation, movement, reward-system, psychosis (too much), cognition

Question 2

Norepinephrine

Answer 2

awakness, development of anxiety and depression

Question 3

Serotonin

Answer 3

central in anxiety and depression (too little), bowel motility.

Question 4

Histamine

Answer 4

blocking H1 -> anxiety-relief, drowsiness, weight gain.

Question 5

GABA

Answer 5

decreases excitiability -> muscle-relaxer, reducing anxiety

Question 6

SSRI: with other drugs, sie effects, used for?

Answer 6

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Inital anxiety, sd, inhibited bowel movement. Serotenergic syndrome if combined with tramadol/migraine drugs. Hyponatremia. Few withdrawal symptoms. Panic syndrome, GAD and OCD.

Question 7

SNRI: can also be used for?

Answer 7

serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. More potent, but more apparent symptoms. Can also be used for neuropathic pain and urinary bladder disorders. withdrawal symptoms. Can be swoped with anxiolytics if depression is also present.

Question 8

NaSSA

Answer 8

noradreneergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants. Stimulate release of Norep and ser. NaSSA + SNRI/SSRI -> rocket fuel. Hypnotic.

Question 9

NDRI: can also be used for?

Answer 9

norepinephrine and dopamin reuptake inhibitors. Good alternative for people with ADHD (deficiency of dop). Also used for smoking.

Question 10

TCA: risk of?

Answer 10

tricyklic antidepressants. Predecessors. High risk of cardiac toxicity. Inhibit reuptake of norep and ser, though not selective. Also inhibit reuptake of histamin -> itch, headache, stomach issues, and acetylcholine -> dementia, high pain treshold.

Question 11

Anxiolytics: 4

Answer 11

anxiety drugs. Phobias and PTSD. Antihistamines, buspirone, pregabalin, benzodiazepines.

Question 12

Antihistamines

Answer 12

Anxiolytic. 30 min to work. Inhibits histamin and serotonin reuptake. Drowsiness.

Question 13

Buspirone: how works?

Answer 13

Anxiolytic. Partial serotonin agonist. Used for long time management of GAD.

Question 14

Benzodiazepine: how works?

Answer 14

Anxiolytic. Increase of GABA -> sedative. Also used for seizures and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Benzo + opiods/depressive drugs -> intox.

Question 15

Pregabalin: how works?

Answer 15

Anxiolytic. Very addictive. Woorks trough calcium-kanals in CNS. Also helps with neuropathic pain.

Question 16

Mood Stabilizers: 3

Answer 16

Lithium: mechanism unknown. Prevents depression and mania. High risk of intoxication.
Antiepileptic drugs: depressive episodes bipolar disorder.
Antipsychotic drugs: (see other card)

Question 17

Antipsychotic drugs: generations

Answer 17

First generation: D2-antagonist. Extrapyramidala effects (dystonia, akatisia, dyskinesia, parkisonism). Malign neuroleptic syndrome (hyperthermia, rigidity, reduced consciousness).
Second generation: D2-antagonist and 5HT-antagonist. Metabolic syndrome.

Question 18

ADHD - treatment

Answer 18

Only for improved functioning, not improve sense of being.
Central stimulants: attention deficit
Non central stimulants: hyperactivity