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NBEO Study Stuff > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Floppy Eyelid Syndrome

A

Alpha 1 blockers (Tamsulosin)

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2
Q

What causes Pigment on DM/Endothelium

A

Anti-Psych Meds (Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine)
H1 Blocker (Promethazine)

“Pigment on a magAZINE”

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3
Q

What causes Whorl Keratopathy

A

Fabry Disease

Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Amiodarone
Indomethacin (NSAID)
Tamoxifen

“Mr FABRY swirls his CHAI-T”

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4
Q

What causes SPK

A

Accutane
Aminoglycosides (-mycin)
NSAIDS
Viroptic (Thimerosal)

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5
Q

What causes delayed corneal healing

A

Corticosteroids

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6
Q

What causes Follicular Conjunctivitis

A

Brimonidine

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7
Q

What causes subconjunctival hemes

A

Warfarin
NSAIDS
Viagra

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8
Q

What causes blue sclera

A

Ehlers-Danlos
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
RA -> Scleromalacia Perfarans -> Scleritis
Infants

Minocycline
Corticosteroids

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9
Q

What causes yellow sclera

A

Liver = alchohol

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10
Q

What causes nystagmus

A

Phenytoin
Phenelzine
Phenobarbital
Diazepam
NSAIDS (in acute overdose)

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11
Q

What can cause diplopia

A

Phenytoin
Anti-Depressants
Anti-Psychotics
Anti-Anxiety

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12
Q

What can cause oculogyric crisis

A

Phenothiazine anti-psychotics (Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine)
Anti-Histamine (Cetirizine)

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13
Q

What causes smooth pursuits impairment

A

Alcohol

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14
Q

What causes both nystagmus and diplopia

A

Phenytoin

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15
Q

What pushes iris forward

A

Topamax (2nd degree angle closure glaucoma by choroidal swelling)

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16
Q

What causes Posterior SC

A

Retinitis Pigmentosa
Gyrate Atrophy
Myopic Degeneration
Atopic Dermatitis

DM
Inflammation/Trauma
Radiation
Hispanics

Corticosteroids

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17
Q

What causes Anterior SC

A

Atopic Dermatitis (shield cataract)

Myotics -> Vacuoles
Chlorpromazine -> Stellate
Amiodarone -> Deposits
Thioridazine -> Stellate

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18
Q

What causes Mydriasis

A

Cholinergic Antagonists
Adrenergic Agonists
Sympathomimetics (Cocaine)
1st Gen Antihistamines (Brompheniramine, Chlorpheniramine, Diphenhydramine, Promethazine)
TCAs (Amitriptyline, Imipramine)
Anxiolytics (Diazepam)

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19
Q

What causes Miosis

A

Cholinergic Agonists (Pilocarpine)
Adrenergic Antagonists
Opiates (Morphine, Codeine, Heroin)
ACE Inhibitors (Donepezil)

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20
Q

What affects color vision

A

Digoxin (B/Y, entopic phenomena)
Accutane (CV + night blindness)
Viagra (cyanopsia)
Ethambutol (R/G)

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21
Q

What causes crystalline retinal deposits

A

Tamoxifen

“fen = fine crystals”

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22
Q

What causes Bulls Eye Maculopathy

A

Stargardt’s
Progressive Cone Dystrophy

Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Thioridazine

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23
Q

What causes CME

A

Epinephrine

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24
Q

What causes NAION (unilateral disc edema)

A

Viagra
Imitrex
Vardenafil
Amiodarone

25
Q

What causes Optic Neuritis (unilateral disc edema)

A

Digoxin
Isoniazid
Chloramphenicol
Ethambutol

26
Q

What causes Pseudotumor Cerebri (bilateral disc edema)

A

Nalidixic Acid
Oral Prednisolone
Contraceptives
Accutane/Vit A (Isotretinoin)
Tetracyclines
Synthroid (in kids)

27
Q

Side Effects of Ribavirin (Hepatitis C Treatment)

A

“RIBAViriN”
Retinal detachment
Ischemia
Bleeding
Arterial and Venous Occlusions
optic Neuritis

Most common side effect is conjunctivitis

28
Q

Aminoglycoside Side Effects

A

“NANO”

Neurotoxicity
Allergic reactions
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

29
Q

Tetracycline Side Effects

A

Liver and Kidney Damage
Phototoxicity
Teeth Discoloration
Calcium chelating (bones and teeth)
Increased ICP
Diabetes Insipidus
Vestibular Toxicity

30
Q

Major risk factors for toxic retinopathy in HCQ and CQ

A

Daily dosage > 5 mg/kg (HCQ)
Daily dosage > 2.3 mg/kg (CQ)
Duration > 5 years
Renal or Liver Disease
Macular Disease
Concomitant Tamoxifen use

31
Q

Screening schedule for HCQ and CQ

A

Baseline within 1st year of use
Annual screening after 5 years (sooner if risk factors)

32
Q

1st Generation H1 Antagonists

A

Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Chlorpheniramine
Hydroxyzine
Promethazine
Brompheniramine

33
Q

2nd Generation H1 Antagonists

A

Loratadine
Cetirizine
Fexofenadine
Desloratadine

(no cholinergic effects, don’t readily cross BBB)

34
Q

Soft Steroids

A

Fluorometholone
Loteprednol
Rimexolone (hardest of soft drugs)

35
Q

Hard Steroids

A

Prednisolone Acetate
Dexamethasone
Difluprednate

36
Q

Which drugs affect Lypooxygenase

37
Q

Which drugs affect Phospholipase A2

A

Corticosteroids

38
Q

Which drugs affect COX

39
Q

Which antibiotics are bactericidal

A

Beta-lactams
Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolones
Daptomycin
Metronidazole

40
Q

Which antibiotics are bacteriostatic

A

Tetracyclines
Macrolides (-thromycin)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Linezolid (may also be bactericidal)
Clindamycin (may also be bactericidal)

41
Q

Which antibiotics affect cell wall synthesis

A

Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Penicillins
Cephalosporins (-Ceph/-Cef)
Monobactams
Carbapenems

42
Q

Which antibiotics affect nucleic acid synthesis/fxn

A

Fluoroquinolones
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Metronidazole/Nitrofurantoin

43
Q

Which drugs affect protein synthesis (30s subunit)

A

Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides

44
Q

Which drugs affect protein synthesis (50s subunit)

A

Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin

45
Q

Drug of choice for HSV

46
Q

Drug of choice for CMV

A

Ganciclovir

47
Q

Drugs for TB

A

“RIPE”

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

48
Q

Which antibiotics should be avoided during pregnancy

A

Tetracyclines (teeth discoloration, liver failure)
Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides (Ototoxicity)
Chloramphenicol (Gray Baby Syndrome)
Metronidazole (hepatic failure)

49
Q

Which antivirals should be avoided during pregnancy

A

Viroptic
Zirgan

50
Q

Which allergy drugs should be avoided during pregnancy

A

Pataday
Pazeo

51
Q

Beta 1 vs Beta 2 receptors

A

Beta 1 affects the heart
Beta 2 affects the lungs

52
Q

Which drugs increase trabecular outflow

A

Nonselective alpha agonists
Cholinomimetic/Parasympathomimetic/Muscarinic Drugs

53
Q

Which drugs increase uveoscleral outflow

A

Prostaglandin analogues
Alpha 2 agonists to small degree

54
Q

Which drugs decrease aqueous production

A

Beta blockers (ultrafiltration)
Alpha 2 agonists
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

55
Q

Pilocarpine side effects

A

Accommodative spasm/myopic shift
Browache
Bronchial constriction
Cataracts
RD
Secondary angle closure in high conc

56
Q

Combigan

A

Timolol + Brimonidine

57
Q

Cosopt

A

Timolol + Dorzolamide

58
Q

Simbrinza

A

Brimonidine + Brinzolamide

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