Development

Question 1

Visual Acuity (Preferential looking)

Answer 1

Newborn: 20/600
6 Months: 20/100
12 Months: 20/50
3-5 years: 20/20 (adult level)

Question 2

Visual Acuity (VEP)

Answer 2

Shows higher potential than preferential looking
20/20 potential at 6-9 months

Question 3

OKN

Answer 3

Birth: Binocular present
1-2 Months: Monocular: good T->N response, bad N->T response
3-6 Months: Symmetrical responses

Question 4

Saccades

Answer 4

Birth: Horizontal
2 Months: Vertical upgaze
3 Months: Vertical downgaze
By 3 months vertical = horizontal

Question 5

Pursuits

Answer 5

2 Months: 1st appears

Question 6

VOR

Answer 6

Birth: present but weak
2-3 Months: Adult levels

Question 7

Convergence

Answer 7

Newborn: Can converge target > 10 in
2-4 Months: Adult-like convergence ability

Question 8

Accommodation

Answer 8

<3 Months: Over-accommodate
3 Months: Adult-like accommodation

Question 9

Stereopsis

Answer 9

3-4 Months: Sudden appearance
7 months: Stereo in infants with normal binocular vision
2 years: Adult levels

Question 10

Color Vision

Answer 10

Birth: Limited
2-3 Months: Can discriminate most colors
4 Months: Adult-like color sensitivity

Question 11

Drawing Abilities

Answer 11

2 Years: Straight Line
3 Years: Circle
4.5 Years: Square
5 Years: Triangle

Question 12

Surface Ectoderm forms

Answer 12

“LEVEL”

Lens
Eyelid skin
Vitreous
Epithelium of Cornea
Lacrimal Gland

Question 13

Neuro Ectoderm forms

Answer 13

“ROMES”

Retina
Optic stalk/nerve
Muscles of Iris
Epithelium of iris & ciliary body
Secondary & tertiary vitreous

Question 14

Mesoderm forms

Answer 14

“MESO”

Muscles (extra ocular)
Endothelium of blood vessels
Sclera (temporal)
Ocular primary vitreous

Question 15

Neural Crest forms

Answer 15

all other structures

Cornea (stroma and endothelium)
rest of Sclera
Trabecular Meshwork
Vitreous
Melanocytes
Ciliary muscles
Ciliary ganglion