Pharmacology Flashcards
what bacteria are commonly associated with mastitis in dogs?
e. coli
staphylococci
streptococci
which antibiotic classes have a spectrum against gram-negative enteric bacteria?
3rd gen cephalosporins
FQs
aminoglycosides
Why can we NOT use penicillin to treat a gram - mastitis?
penicillin ONLY has gram - spectrum of coverage in urine.
what is the spectrum of 1st generation cephalosporins?
gram +
Which antibiotic classes have spectrum against gram + cocci?
penicillin (streps only)
Cephalosporins (1st and 3rd gen)
chloramphenicol
lincosamides
macrolides
potentiated sulfonamides – only in dog/cat
which gram + bacteria do FQs and aminoglycosides cover?
staphs only, no streps
which antibiotic is SAFEST for dam and babies?
beta-lactams
what 2 specific antibiotics are recommended in canine mastitis and why?
cephalexin and clavamox
because they are safe and cover staphs and streps.
what are 2 cons of choosing cephalexin or clavamox to treat canine mastitis?
poor action against E. coli
poor penetration into milk
what sample is best to submit for culture/sensitivity in a case of canine mastitis?
milk
If canine mastitis is caused by E. coli, what is the appropriate antibiotic choice if you didnt already had susceptibility results?
aminoglycosides
fluoroquinolones
which antibiotic is NOT a good choice if you’re treating an infection that has an abscess?
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
why would you NOT choose amikacin, cefazolin, cefpodoxime, and gentamicin in treating an E. coli induced mastitis infection with an abscess?
these drugs are hydrophilic and will not get into the abscess.
what toxicity do you worry about when using enrofloxacin?
cartilage toxicity
what routes of administration are appropriate for E. coli mastitis in cows?
IV, SC, or IMM
intramuscular is not preferred due to extended withdrawal period
which systemic antibiotic would you choose to treat an E. coli mastitis in cows?
oxytetracycline
which antibiotic is NOT labeled for use in dairy cattle and is considered illegal to have ELDU?
enrofloxacin
If a drug has a milk withdrawal time of 0, what can you assume?
that is does not even penetrate that site, so it probably shouldnt be used to treat mastitis infections.
what intramammary drug if best to treat a cow 14 days post-partum?
Spectrmast LC because she is lactating.
it would be spectramast DC if she was dry.
T/F: you can use sulfonamides to treat mastitis in dairy cattle, but not dogs and cats.
false – illegal to use sulfonamides in dairy cattle.
Extralabel usage of __________ in dairy cattle is illegal due to being secreted in high amounts in the milk.
cephalosporins
Ceftiofur does NOT reach high concentrations in milk, so why do we use Spectramast as treatment for mastitis? How does it work?
we use IMM route of admin which bypassses the barriers to the milk and is placed directly where the infection is.
what NSAID is approved for use in cattle?
flunixin meglumine
What effect does acute masititis have on the milk withdrawal time?
extends it – longer than label dose, even if you use the label dose. & we wont really know what the WDT will be, so you have to test the milk.
