Parasitology

Question 1

which parasite is most important in neonatal puppies?

Answer 1

ancylostoma caninum

Question 2

why is pyrantel the safest choice of anthelmintic in young animals?

Answer 2

has limited absorption in the GI tract which reduces the potential for toxicosis

Question 3

which parasite causes neonatal diarrhea in cattle?

Answer 3

cryptosporidium

Question 4

what is the PPP for transmammary infection of ancylostoma?

Answer 4

2 weeks

Question 5

Toxocara canis is transmitted in dogs transplacentally* and transmammary. When are you likely to see disease in dogs?

Answer 5

in neonatal period only if heavy infection
otherwise, see disease in older puppies.

Question 6

____________ has transmammary transmission if a queen is infected during lactation. Heavy neonatal infection is not common though, and most disease is seen in older kittens.

Answer 6

Toxocara cati

Question 7

What is the transmission of ancylostoma in dogs?

Answer 7

transmammary

Question 8

T/F: ancylostoma larvae develop directly in the SI of puppies without migration

Answer 8

true

Question 9

What clinical signs are associated with ancylostoma infections in small animals?

Answer 9

diarrhea
anemia
failure to thrive

Question 10

when can you perform fecal test on ancylostoma infected dog?

Answer 10

after 2 weeks – PPP

Question 11

what drug is used to treat ancylostoma infections in small animals and when should we use it?

Answer 11

pyrantel pamoate
dogs - 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks
cats - 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks

Question 12

What drug is given to the dam for ancylostoma infection and when should you give it?

Answer 12

fenbendazole starting at day 40 gestation and continue to 14 days after parturition

Question 13

___________ is immediately infective. The sporozoites invade enterocytes. Clinical signs are seen 3-4 days post-infection and last for 1-2 weeks. The signs include: watery diarrhea, inappetence, lethargy, and dehydration.

Answer 13

cryptosporidium

Question 14

how can you diagnose crypto infection in ruminants?

Answer 14

centrifugal fecal flotation – sugar solution
acid-fast stained fecal
IFA
PCR
Histology

Question 15

how do you treat crypto infection in ruminants?

Answer 15

no specific treatment
fluids + electrolytes

Question 16

T/F: crypto is rapidly spread on farms because tons of oocysts are produced and they are hardy/resistant to disinfectants. You should assume that is 1 calf is infected, all will become infected even if you do not see clinical signs.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

how can you control crypto infections in ruminants?

Answer 17

• provide colostrum to calves within few hrs of birth
• house calves individually
• isolate calves with diarrhea
• feed youngest 1st, then oldest, then sick calves
• sanitation
• remove manure
• disinfection with desiccation
• clean feeding equipment

Question 18

T/F: if you take appropriate control/preventative measures, you can eradicate crypto from your farm

Answer 18

false

Question 19

Is crypto zoonotic?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

How is strongyloides transmitted to large animals?

Answer 20

transmammary

Question 21

what clinical signs are associated with strongyloides infection?

Answer 21

foals – foal heat diarrhea
pigs – diarrhea if heavy infection
ruminants – not assoc with neonatal diarrhea
canine – not associated with neonatal diarrhea